Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/16159 |
Resumo: | With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change. |
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Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation studyCultural diversitySocial normsTightness-loosenessScience & TechnologyWith data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.Supported by NSF grant 9910760 and U.S. Army Research Lab and Research Office grant W911NF-08-1-0144 (M.J.G.), Turkish Academy of Sciences (Z.A.), Polish Academy of Sciences (P. B.), Australian Research Council (Y.K.), and Estonian Ministry of Science (A. R.). We thank C. B. Bruss and R. Mohr for their help in preparing this manuscript.American Association for the Advancement of ScienceUniversidade do MinhoGelfand, Michele J.Raver, Jana L.Nishii, LisaLeslie, Lisa M.Lun, JanettaLim, Beng ChongDuan, LiliAlmaliach, AssafAng, SoonArnadottir, JakobinaAycan, ZeynepBoehnke, KlausBoski, PawelCabecinhas, RosaChan, DariusChhokar, JagdeepD’Amato, AlessiaFerrer, MontseFischlmayr, Iris C.Fischer, RonaldFulop, MartaGeorgas, JamesKashima, Emiko S.Kashima, YoshishimaKim, KibumLempereur, AlainMarquez, PatriciaOthman, RozhanOverlaet, BertPanagiotopoulou, PennyPeltzer, KarlPerez-Florizno, Lorena R.Ponomarenko, LarisaRealo, AnuSchei, VidarSchmitt, ManfredSmith, Peter B.Soomro, NazarSzabo, ErnaTaveesin, NalineeToyama, MidoriVliert, Evert van deVohra, NaharikaWard, ColleenYamaguchi, Susumu2011-05-272011-05-27T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/16159engGelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., … Yamaguchi, S. (2011, May 27). Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). http://doi.org/10.1126/science.11977540036-80751095-920310.1126/science.119775421617077https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1197754info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-03T01:19:58Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/16159Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:42:53.390681Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
title |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
spellingShingle |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study Gelfand, Michele J. Cultural diversity Social norms Tightness-looseness Science & Technology |
title_short |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
title_full |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
title_fullStr |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
title_sort |
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study |
author |
Gelfand, Michele J. |
author_facet |
Gelfand, Michele J. Raver, Jana L. Nishii, Lisa Leslie, Lisa M. Lun, Janetta Lim, Beng Chong Duan, Lili Almaliach, Assaf Ang, Soon Arnadottir, Jakobina Aycan, Zeynep Boehnke, Klaus Boski, Pawel Cabecinhas, Rosa Chan, Darius Chhokar, Jagdeep D’Amato, Alessia Ferrer, Montse Fischlmayr, Iris C. Fischer, Ronald Fulop, Marta Georgas, James Kashima, Emiko S. Kashima, Yoshishima Kim, Kibum Lempereur, Alain Marquez, Patricia Othman, Rozhan Overlaet, Bert Panagiotopoulou, Penny Peltzer, Karl Perez-Florizno, Lorena R. Ponomarenko, Larisa Realo, Anu Schei, Vidar Schmitt, Manfred Smith, Peter B. Soomro, Nazar Szabo, Erna Taveesin, Nalinee Toyama, Midori Vliert, Evert van de Vohra, Naharika Ward, Colleen Yamaguchi, Susumu |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Raver, Jana L. Nishii, Lisa Leslie, Lisa M. Lun, Janetta Lim, Beng Chong Duan, Lili Almaliach, Assaf Ang, Soon Arnadottir, Jakobina Aycan, Zeynep Boehnke, Klaus Boski, Pawel Cabecinhas, Rosa Chan, Darius Chhokar, Jagdeep D’Amato, Alessia Ferrer, Montse Fischlmayr, Iris C. Fischer, Ronald Fulop, Marta Georgas, James Kashima, Emiko S. Kashima, Yoshishima Kim, Kibum Lempereur, Alain Marquez, Patricia Othman, Rozhan Overlaet, Bert Panagiotopoulou, Penny Peltzer, Karl Perez-Florizno, Lorena R. Ponomarenko, Larisa Realo, Anu Schei, Vidar Schmitt, Manfred Smith, Peter B. Soomro, Nazar Szabo, Erna Taveesin, Nalinee Toyama, Midori Vliert, Evert van de Vohra, Naharika Ward, Colleen Yamaguchi, Susumu |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gelfand, Michele J. Raver, Jana L. Nishii, Lisa Leslie, Lisa M. Lun, Janetta Lim, Beng Chong Duan, Lili Almaliach, Assaf Ang, Soon Arnadottir, Jakobina Aycan, Zeynep Boehnke, Klaus Boski, Pawel Cabecinhas, Rosa Chan, Darius Chhokar, Jagdeep D’Amato, Alessia Ferrer, Montse Fischlmayr, Iris C. Fischer, Ronald Fulop, Marta Georgas, James Kashima, Emiko S. Kashima, Yoshishima Kim, Kibum Lempereur, Alain Marquez, Patricia Othman, Rozhan Overlaet, Bert Panagiotopoulou, Penny Peltzer, Karl Perez-Florizno, Lorena R. Ponomarenko, Larisa Realo, Anu Schei, Vidar Schmitt, Manfred Smith, Peter B. Soomro, Nazar Szabo, Erna Taveesin, Nalinee Toyama, Midori Vliert, Evert van de Vohra, Naharika Ward, Colleen Yamaguchi, Susumu |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Cultural diversity Social norms Tightness-looseness Science & Technology |
topic |
Cultural diversity Social norms Tightness-looseness Science & Technology |
description |
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2011-05-27 2011-05-27T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/16159 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/16159 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., … Yamaguchi, S. (2011, May 27). Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197754 0036-8075 1095-9203 10.1126/science.1197754 21617077 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1197754 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
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