O Acolhimento Residencial e a Promo??o do Direito ? Fam?lia

• Autor(a) principal: Sousinha, Maria Jo?o Bem
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Tom?, Maria Rosa (Orientadora)
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ismt.pt/handle/123456789/941
• topic: Prote??o dos jovens em perigo - Young people?s protection; Fam?lia - Family; Direitos - Rights; Acolhimento residencial - Residential care; Projeto de vida - Life project

A presente disserta??o de mestrado tem como objetivos a an?lise da trajet?ria dos jovens no sistema de prote??o, bem como das perspetivas dos jovens e suas fam?lias sobre a medida de acolhimento residencial e o projeto de vida. Partiu-se da an?lise da condi??o sociofamiliar dos jovens e das representa??es sobre os direitos/deveres na parentalidade e tentou-se compreender a trajet?ria destes no sistema de prote??o e, concretamente, o acolhimento residencial. A nossa quest?o ? Qual a perspetiva dos jovens e suas fam?lias relativamente ? concretiza??o do projeto de vida de (re)integra??o familiar. Na pesquisa participaram 26 sujeitos, 13 jovens com medida de acolhimento residencial na Casa de Acolhimento - A Casinha do Mar e 13 familiares. A presente investiga??o orientou-se por uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa. Na recolha da informa??o foi utilizada a entrevista semidiretiva e o di?rio de campo. Na an?lise dos dados foi utilizada a t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do. A an?lise da informa??o permitiu concluir que a maioria dos jovens vivia com a fam?lia alargada, sendo os principais cuidadores os av?s, as m?es e os irm?os. Os adultos que comp?em o agregado familiar dos jovens t?m maioritariamente idades compreendidas entre os 30 e 49 anos. A maioria possui o ensino secund?rio. Na situa??o face ao trabalho, auferem rendimentos provenientes do trabalho, da reforma ou do rendimento social de inser??o. Em algumas fam?lias os rendimentos s?o baixos, das quais cinco encontram-se em situa??o de pobreza. Ao longo da vida os jovens foram sujeitos a situa??es consideradas marcantes, como a separa??o e o abandono dos pais, o alcoolismo, a toxicodepend?ncia, a car?ncia socioecon?mica, a viol?ncia dom?stica, furtos e pris?o. Algumas destas situa??es persistem. A situa??o de pobreza coexiste com outras problem?ticas, como o desemprego, alcoolismo, doen?a de foro psiqui?trico e pris?o. Neste contexto a fam?lia encontra-se numa situa??o de grande fragilidade, n?o conseguindo assumir cabalmente as suas responsabilidades parentais. Todos reconhecem a import?ncia da fam?lia. N?o obstante as suas viv?ncias os jovens, de um modo geral, t?m uma representa??o positiva, idealizada da fam?lia e, consideram que s?o importantes para a fam?lia. ? significativo o n?mero de jovens e familiares afastados do discurso dos direitos. Os restantes jovens reconhecem o direito ? identidade pessoal, ? liberdade, ? prote??o, o direito a crescer numa fam?lia que os ame, o direito a uma casa e alimenta??o. Para os familiares os pais t?m um conjunto de direitos/deveres que constituem as responsabilidades parentais a exercer no superior interesse dos filhos. A neglig?ncia ? o principal motivo da sinaliza??o da situa??o de perigo e sobre a qual recai os principais deveres e obriga??es inscritos no acordo de promo??o e prote??o. Ao longo do acompanhamento das medidas em meio natural de vida foi privilegiada a responsabilidade familiar, no sentido de assumir os seus deveres para com os jovens e a preval?ncia da fam?lia. Contudo a interven??o revelou-se ineficaz. Todos reconhecem que o acolhimento promoveu mudan?as significativas na vida dos jovens, ao n?vel das rela??es de afetividade com os familiares, na escola, no comportamento, socializa??o e na aquisi??o de autonomia. O projeto de vida perspetivado pelos jovens e familiares ? a (re)integra??o familiar, com exce??o de um que deseja a autonomia e o maior sonho dos jovens ? regressar a casa. / This Master?s degree dissertation aims at analysing the paths for young people within the protection system, as well as the perspectives of both young people and their families concerning residential care and their life project. The starting point was the analysis of the young people?s social and family conditions along with the representations of parental rights/responsibilities, after which there was an attempt at understanding their paths within the protection system, namely the residential care. Our question ? What is the young people and their families? perspective on the successful family (re)integration life project. The participation in the research survey comprised 26 subjects, 13 young people in residential care at Casa de Acolhimento - A Casinha do Mar, and 13 family members. This research was based on a qualitative method. The semi-structured interview and the field notes have been used in the data collection process. The content analysis technique has been used in the data analysis process. The analysis of the information allowed to conclude that the majority of the young people used to live with their extended family, and that their grandparents, mothers and siblings were the primary caregivers. The adults comprising their household are aged between 30 and 49 years old. The majority has graduated from secondary school. Concerning their employment situation, they either earn a job-related income, a retirement income or a social integration income. There are some low-income families, five of which are in poverty-stricken situations. Throughout their lives these young people have been subjected to situations that have left an indelible impression on them, such as parental separation and abandonment, alcohol addiction, drug addiction, social and economic deprivation, domestic violence, thefts and imprisonment. Some of these situations still persist. The situation of poverty coexists with other problematic issues, such as unemployment, alcohol addiction, psychiatric disorders and imprisonment. The family therefore is in an extremely fragile situation and as a consequence is unable to fully perform parental responsibilities. Everyone acknowledges the importance of family. In a broader sense, and regardless of their life experiences, the young people possess a positive, idealized representation of family and consider that they are important to their families. The number of young people and family members that seems unaware of their rights is significant. The remainder of the young people recognizes their right to personal identity, to freedom, to protection, to the right to grow up in a loving family, the right to a house and to food. In what family members are concerned, parents have a set of rights/responsibilities which constitute the parental responsibilities to be performed in the best interest of their children. Neglect is the main reason for raising a red flag and upon which fall the main duties and obligations mentioned in the promotion and protection agreement. During the monitoring process of the methods in a natural environment, family responsibility was of extreme importance, so as to take on their responsibilities towards young people, as well as the prevalence of family. However the intervention proved itself ineffective. Everyone acknowledges that residential care has promoted meaningful changes in the young people?s lives, concerning affective relationships with family members, at school, in their behavior, socialization and acquisition of autonomy skills. The life project envisioned by the young people and family members is that of family (re)integration, except for one, who wishes autonomy, and the greatest dream of the young people is to return home.