Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363 |
Resumo: | Physical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes. |
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Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in childrenObesidade - CriançasExercício físicoPhysical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes.A inatividade física é um dos principais riscos para a obesidade. Esta doença crónica resulta de um desiquilíbrio calórico causando um alargamento dos adipócitos através do excesso de armazenamento de gordura. Com um aumento da prevalência, a obesidade infantil correlaciona-se com a disfunção endotelial, inflamação e stress oxidativo, conduzindo ao desenvolvimento de outras doenças não só em criança, mas também durante a idade adulta. Por outro lado, muitas crianças praticam exercício de elevada duração ou intensidade em desportos de alta competição, o que pode ter efeitos prejudiciais a nível físico, fisiológico e psicológico. Em jovens atletas de alta competição, stress oxidativo e imunossupressão podem ocorrer levando ao elavado risco de infeção. No entanto, perfis lipídicos melhorados são encontrados em crianças atletas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analizar o impacto da obesidade infantil bem como de treinos intensivos de natação na composição corporal, inflamação e perfil lipídico através de análises ao sangue, bioimpedância e imunodeteção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-6 e TWEAK), uma miocina (Miostatina) e uma proteina de fase aguda (CRP). Para tal, foram recrutados 24 jovens divididos em três grupos: obesos, atletas e normoponderais. O grupo de obesos apresentou elevados níveis de gordura corporal, um perfil lipídico atípico (baixo HDL e elevado LDL), níveis elevados de lactato desidrogenase no sangue indicando dano tecidual, inflamação crónica (elevado IL-6, CRP e TWEAK) e massa muscular diminuida (elevada Miostatina) sem dano muscular (baixo CK). No entanto os baixos níveis de enzimas hepáticas (AST e ALT) no soro não associam a obesidade com doença hepática. Por outro lado, o exercício físico intenso não é uma atividade prejudicial para os jovens atletas, uma vez que o perfil lipídico é melhorado e o aumento dos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios não é significativo. O principal benefício do treino intensivo é a diminuição dos níveis de glucose tendo um papel protetor para a diabetes.Universidade de Aveiro2016-11-132016-11-13T00:00:00Z2018-11-07T14:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363TID:201935279engFernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodriguesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:43:53Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/22363Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:56:32.337288Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
title |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
spellingShingle |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues Obesidade - Crianças Exercício físico |
title_short |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
title_full |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
title_fullStr |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
title_sort |
Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children |
author |
Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues |
author_facet |
Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Obesidade - Crianças Exercício físico |
topic |
Obesidade - Crianças Exercício físico |
description |
Physical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-11-13 2016-11-13T00:00:00Z 2018-11-07T14:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363 TID:201935279 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363 |
identifier_str_mv |
TID:201935279 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade de Aveiro |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade de Aveiro |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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