Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Brandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente
Data de Publicação: 2021
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34800
Resumo: The main goal of this dissertation is to understand how the unadjusted gender pay gap index (UGPGI) evolved in the member states of the European Union (EU), from 2008 until 2018, and what factors can explain in the most part that evolution. Firstly, it was presented in a dashboard all the relevant information concerning the data collected – which includes family, cultural and labour market related information – from multiple open access sources. One of the most relevant conclusions retrieved was the possible existence of discrimination due to the presence of glass-ceiling effects, in aggregational terms of the EU. Despite the positive trend registered in the labour market participation and the greater investment of women in their education, the occupation of managerial positions does not present such evolution. Given the unadjusted nature of the explained variable, a panel analysis was performed through the implementation of a linear and an exponential regression, in order to try to explain such disparities. Note that the lack of information in the accessed databases limited the explanatory variables included in the regression. However, in this case, the most important finding was that cultural variables are relevant in the explanation of the UGPGI, specifically the main religion and legal origin of a country, as well as its characterization through some of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Regarding originality, a panel analysis is not very common in the research of the gender pay gap, mainly concerning the European Union, nor is the development of a dashboard to present all the data. Also, almost every cultural variable considered has not yet been included in the study of the UGPGI. The remaining attributes have been considered in other studies of this kind but had not been comprised together in one.
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spelling Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysisGender pay gap indexPanel regressionCultureEuropean UnionÍndice de disparidade de ganhos entre génerosRegressão em painelCulturaUnião EuropeiaDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e GestãoThe main goal of this dissertation is to understand how the unadjusted gender pay gap index (UGPGI) evolved in the member states of the European Union (EU), from 2008 until 2018, and what factors can explain in the most part that evolution. Firstly, it was presented in a dashboard all the relevant information concerning the data collected – which includes family, cultural and labour market related information – from multiple open access sources. One of the most relevant conclusions retrieved was the possible existence of discrimination due to the presence of glass-ceiling effects, in aggregational terms of the EU. Despite the positive trend registered in the labour market participation and the greater investment of women in their education, the occupation of managerial positions does not present such evolution. Given the unadjusted nature of the explained variable, a panel analysis was performed through the implementation of a linear and an exponential regression, in order to try to explain such disparities. Note that the lack of information in the accessed databases limited the explanatory variables included in the regression. However, in this case, the most important finding was that cultural variables are relevant in the explanation of the UGPGI, specifically the main religion and legal origin of a country, as well as its characterization through some of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Regarding originality, a panel analysis is not very common in the research of the gender pay gap, mainly concerning the European Union, nor is the development of a dashboard to present all the data. Also, almost every cultural variable considered has not yet been included in the study of the UGPGI. The remaining attributes have been considered in other studies of this kind but had not been comprised together in one.A presente dissertação pretende perceber como é que o índice de disparidade de ganhos entre géneros (IDGG) não ajustado evoluiu nos estados-membros da União Europeia (UE), de 2008 a 2018, e o que melhor pode explicar essa evolução. Inicialmente, os dados recolhidos a partir de várias fontes de acesso livre, sobre família, cultura e mercado de trabalho, foram apresentados numa dashboard. Constatou-se a partir da mesma a existência de uma possível discriminação devido à presença de efeitos de “tetos de vidro”, em termos agregados da UE. Apesar de haver uma tendência positiva na participação no mercado de trabalho e de, em média, as mulheres investirem mais na sua educação, a ocupação de altos cargos hierárquicos de gestão não regista tal evolução. Dada a natureza não ajustada da variável explicada, foi estimada uma regressão linear e exponencial com uma amostra em painel, na tentativa de explicar tais disparidades. Denote-se que a falta de informação nas bases de dados acedidas limitou a inclusão das variáveis explicativas na regressão. Porém, neste caso, o resultado mais importante é que as variáveis culturais são essenciais na explicação do IDGG, nomeadamente a religião predominante e a origem legal de um país, assim como a sua caracterização segundo algumas das dimensões de Hofstede. Quanto à originalidade, a análise em painel não é muito comum no estudo da disparidade de ganhos entre géneros, nomeadamente sobre a UE, tal como a elaboração de uma dashboard para apresentar os dados recolhidos. Ademais, quase todas as variáveis culturais consideradas ainda não foram integradas no estudo do IDGG e as restantes ainda não tinham sido incluídas de forma conjunta.Oliveira, Francisca Rodrigues Sarmento Guedes deVeritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica PortuguesaBrandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente2021-09-13T17:10:23Z2021-06-302021-032021-06-30T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34800TID:202750043enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-12T17:40:19Zoai:repositorio.ucp.pt:10400.14/34800Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T18:28:13.155100Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
title Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
spellingShingle Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
Brandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente
Gender pay gap index
Panel regression
Culture
European Union
Índice de disparidade de ganhos entre géneros
Regressão em painel
Cultura
União Europeia
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão
title_short Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
title_full Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
title_fullStr Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
title_full_unstemmed Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
title_sort Causes of gender pay gap in Europe : a panel analysis
author Brandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente
author_facet Brandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Oliveira, Francisca Rodrigues Sarmento Guedes de
Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Brandão, Maria Madalena da Silva Valente
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Gender pay gap index
Panel regression
Culture
European Union
Índice de disparidade de ganhos entre géneros
Regressão em painel
Cultura
União Europeia
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão
topic Gender pay gap index
Panel regression
Culture
European Union
Índice de disparidade de ganhos entre géneros
Regressão em painel
Cultura
União Europeia
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão
description The main goal of this dissertation is to understand how the unadjusted gender pay gap index (UGPGI) evolved in the member states of the European Union (EU), from 2008 until 2018, and what factors can explain in the most part that evolution. Firstly, it was presented in a dashboard all the relevant information concerning the data collected – which includes family, cultural and labour market related information – from multiple open access sources. One of the most relevant conclusions retrieved was the possible existence of discrimination due to the presence of glass-ceiling effects, in aggregational terms of the EU. Despite the positive trend registered in the labour market participation and the greater investment of women in their education, the occupation of managerial positions does not present such evolution. Given the unadjusted nature of the explained variable, a panel analysis was performed through the implementation of a linear and an exponential regression, in order to try to explain such disparities. Note that the lack of information in the accessed databases limited the explanatory variables included in the regression. However, in this case, the most important finding was that cultural variables are relevant in the explanation of the UGPGI, specifically the main religion and legal origin of a country, as well as its characterization through some of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Regarding originality, a panel analysis is not very common in the research of the gender pay gap, mainly concerning the European Union, nor is the development of a dashboard to present all the data. Also, almost every cultural variable considered has not yet been included in the study of the UGPGI. The remaining attributes have been considered in other studies of this kind but had not been comprised together in one.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-09-13T17:10:23Z
2021-06-30
2021-03
2021-06-30T00:00:00Z
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