Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138 https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.023 |
Resumo: | Antipsychotic (AP) drugs are becoming accumulated in terrestrial and aqueous resources due to their actual consumption. Thus, the search of methods for assessing the contamination load of these drugs is mandatory. The COD is a key parameter used for monitoring water quality upon the assessment of the effect of polluting agents on the oxygen level. Thus, the present work aims to assess the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of several typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in order to obtain structure-activity relationships. It was implemented the titrimetric method with potassium dichromate as oxidant and a digestion step of 2 h, followed by the measurement of remained unreduced dichromate by titration. After that, an automated sequential injection analysis (SIA) method was, also, used aiming to overcome some drawbacks of the titrimetric method. The results obtained showed a relationship between the chemical structures of antipsychotic drugs and their COD values, where the presence of aromatic rings and oxidable groups give higher COD values. It was obtained a good compliance between the results of the reference batch procedure and the SIA system, and the APs were clustered in two groups, with the values ratio between the methodologies, of 2 or 4, in the case of lower or higher COD values, respectively. The SIA methodology is capable of operating as a screening method, in any stage of a synthetic process, being also more environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. Besides, the studies presented open promising perspectives for the improvement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical removal from the waste effluents, by assessing COD values. |
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Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demandAntipsychotic drugs Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Titrimetric method Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) Structure-degradability relationship Environmental pollutionAntipsychotic (AP) drugs are becoming accumulated in terrestrial and aqueous resources due to their actual consumption. Thus, the search of methods for assessing the contamination load of these drugs is mandatory. The COD is a key parameter used for monitoring water quality upon the assessment of the effect of polluting agents on the oxygen level. Thus, the present work aims to assess the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of several typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in order to obtain structure-activity relationships. It was implemented the titrimetric method with potassium dichromate as oxidant and a digestion step of 2 h, followed by the measurement of remained unreduced dichromate by titration. After that, an automated sequential injection analysis (SIA) method was, also, used aiming to overcome some drawbacks of the titrimetric method. The results obtained showed a relationship between the chemical structures of antipsychotic drugs and their COD values, where the presence of aromatic rings and oxidable groups give higher COD values. It was obtained a good compliance between the results of the reference batch procedure and the SIA system, and the APs were clustered in two groups, with the values ratio between the methodologies, of 2 or 4, in the case of lower or higher COD values, respectively. The SIA methodology is capable of operating as a screening method, in any stage of a synthetic process, being also more environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. Besides, the studies presented open promising perspectives for the improvement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical removal from the waste effluents, by assessing COD values.2018-07-18T16:04:28Z2018-07-182018-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138http://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.023engPereira, SarahCosta, SusanaCunha, EditePassos, MarietaAraújo, AndréSaraiva, M. Lúciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-14T02:57:57Zoai:bdigital.ipg.pt:10314/4138Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:43:15.754046Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
title |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
spellingShingle |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand Pereira, Sarah Antipsychotic drugs Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Titrimetric method Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) Structure-degradability relationship Environmental pollution |
title_short |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
title_full |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
title_fullStr |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
title_full_unstemmed |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
title_sort |
Manual or automated measuring of antipsychotics chemical oxygen demand |
author |
Pereira, Sarah |
author_facet |
Pereira, Sarah Costa, Susana Cunha, Edite Passos, Marieta Araújo, André Saraiva, M. Lúcia |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Costa, Susana Cunha, Edite Passos, Marieta Araújo, André Saraiva, M. Lúcia |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pereira, Sarah Costa, Susana Cunha, Edite Passos, Marieta Araújo, André Saraiva, M. Lúcia |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Antipsychotic drugs Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Titrimetric method Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) Structure-degradability relationship Environmental pollution |
topic |
Antipsychotic drugs Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Titrimetric method Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) Structure-degradability relationship Environmental pollution |
description |
Antipsychotic (AP) drugs are becoming accumulated in terrestrial and aqueous resources due to their actual consumption. Thus, the search of methods for assessing the contamination load of these drugs is mandatory. The COD is a key parameter used for monitoring water quality upon the assessment of the effect of polluting agents on the oxygen level. Thus, the present work aims to assess the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of several typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in order to obtain structure-activity relationships. It was implemented the titrimetric method with potassium dichromate as oxidant and a digestion step of 2 h, followed by the measurement of remained unreduced dichromate by titration. After that, an automated sequential injection analysis (SIA) method was, also, used aiming to overcome some drawbacks of the titrimetric method. The results obtained showed a relationship between the chemical structures of antipsychotic drugs and their COD values, where the presence of aromatic rings and oxidable groups give higher COD values. It was obtained a good compliance between the results of the reference batch procedure and the SIA system, and the APs were clustered in two groups, with the values ratio between the methodologies, of 2 or 4, in the case of lower or higher COD values, respectively. The SIA methodology is capable of operating as a screening method, in any stage of a synthetic process, being also more environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. Besides, the studies presented open promising perspectives for the improvement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical removal from the waste effluents, by assessing COD values. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-07-18T16:04:28Z 2018-07-18 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138 http://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138 https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.023 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10314/4138 https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.023 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799136925886447616 |