Proteostasis, inflamatory and vasoactive biomarkers in patients with hypertension: effect of exercise training

• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Manuel António Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25071
• topic: Hypertension; Physical exercise; Blood pressure; Biochemical markers; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Proteostasis

Background: Physical exercise is a consensual and well-established strategy to control blood pressure. Nonetheless, its effects on protein homeostasis in individuals with hypertension are not clearly defined. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of regular exercise on inflammatory, oxidative stress and vasoactive markers in circulation, as well as on protein homeostasis and quality of life in individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, we intended to correlate quality of life with the levels of the above-mentioned biomarkers. Methods: A total of 20 individuals with hypertension were recruited and divided into 2 groups of 10: a group who regularly participated in physical exercise (”EH”, age: 68.3 ± 4.2 years), and an age-matched group without regular exercise practice (“H”, age: 67.7 ± 5.1 years). Proteostasis and vasoactive markers were assessed in plasma using immunoblotting techniques (western blot or slot-blot) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The levels of ubiquitin, Hsp70, IL-6, C-reactive protein, TWEAK, IL-10, eNOS, endothelin-1, MMP-2, TIMP-2, connexin 43 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed by immunoblotting. Results: Significant higher levels of eNOS (p=0.011), Cx43 (p=0.020), TIMP-2 (p=0.038) and SOD-3 (p=0.001), with a fold increase of 1.2, 2.1, 1.3 and 1.2 respectively, were found in the EH group. The overall quality of life (60.1 ± 4.3 vs. 53.2 ± 5.9, p=0.009), as well as mental health (59.4 ± 7.9 vs. 50.7 ± 7.2, p=0.024) was significantly higher in the EH group. A strong inverse correlation was observed between the quality of life (total score of the SF-36) and the levels of IL-6 (r=-0.510, p=0.026). The levels of IL-6 are significantly higher in the H group (p=0.014), with a 1.5-fold increase in comparison with the EH group, and the analysis by FTIR showed high correlation between the levels of IL-6 and the 1500-900 cm-1 region of the infrared spectra, in which high levels of IL-6 are characterized by peaks related with collagen and low levels are related to carotenes. Multivariate analysis showed a good discrimination between the two groups in the 1500-900 cm-1 region (fingerprint region) and 1700-1600 cm-1 region (Amide I band). Furthermore, the H group showed peaks that are related with anti-parallel β-sheets, while EH group showed peaks related to parallel β-sheets and α-helices. Conclusion: Regular exercise participation reduced the circulating levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, increased the antioxidant defences and the levels of the vasodilator biomarkers and improved proteostasis and quality of life in individuals with hypertension.