The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76 |
Resumo: | Most democratic transitions have demonstrated how it is possible to move from an authoritarian starting point towards an ongoing state of compromise. The Kingdom of Bhutan, a small state bordering India and China and located deep within the Himalayan Mountains, stands as an illustrative case of that paradigm. Not only has that country recently welcomed extensive democratic practices after a century of monarchical rule, but more interestingly, it did so by royal decree. This unusual top-down transition saw the ruling monarch effectively “enforcing” democracy onto the people rather than the opposite, which defied the customary paradigm of democratisation. Nonetheless, Bhutan’s process of democratisation has been hampered at an initial stage because most Bhutanese citizens remained satisfied with the previous monarchical regime. As such, the purpose of the communication is to enlighten the reader with the features of Bhutanese democracy and its preceding process of democratisation, while providing a possible answer on whether there is a common pattern in the transitional process of authoritarianism to democracy. In order to do so, the article firstly looks at Bhutan’s modern political history; secondly, it analyses the idiosyncrasies of Bhutanese democracy; and thirdly, it shows how the historical, religious and social background of Bhutan has led to a peculiar process of democratic consolidation. |
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The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligationBhutanconsolidationdemocratisationtransitionMost democratic transitions have demonstrated how it is possible to move from an authoritarian starting point towards an ongoing state of compromise. The Kingdom of Bhutan, a small state bordering India and China and located deep within the Himalayan Mountains, stands as an illustrative case of that paradigm. Not only has that country recently welcomed extensive democratic practices after a century of monarchical rule, but more interestingly, it did so by royal decree. This unusual top-down transition saw the ruling monarch effectively “enforcing” democracy onto the people rather than the opposite, which defied the customary paradigm of democratisation. Nonetheless, Bhutan’s process of democratisation has been hampered at an initial stage because most Bhutanese citizens remained satisfied with the previous monarchical regime. As such, the purpose of the communication is to enlighten the reader with the features of Bhutanese democracy and its preceding process of democratisation, while providing a possible answer on whether there is a common pattern in the transitional process of authoritarianism to democracy. In order to do so, the article firstly looks at Bhutan’s modern political history; secondly, it analyses the idiosyncrasies of Bhutanese democracy; and thirdly, it shows how the historical, religious and social background of Bhutan has led to a peculiar process of democratic consolidation.Observatório Político2019-03-12info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76https://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76Political Observer | Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política (Portuguese Journal of Political Science); No. 10 (2018); 65-762795-47652795-4757reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://rpcp.pt/index.php/rpcp/article/view/15https://rpcp.pt/index.php/rpcp/article/view/15/9Quintino, Kariminfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-02-10T07:49:50Zoai:ojs2.rpcp.pt:article/15Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:48:34.705966Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
title |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
spellingShingle |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation Quintino, Karim Bhutan consolidation democratisation transition |
title_short |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
title_full |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
title_fullStr |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
title_sort |
The Kingdom of Bhutan: a democracy by obligation |
author |
Quintino, Karim |
author_facet |
Quintino, Karim |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Quintino, Karim |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bhutan consolidation democratisation transition |
topic |
Bhutan consolidation democratisation transition |
description |
Most democratic transitions have demonstrated how it is possible to move from an authoritarian starting point towards an ongoing state of compromise. The Kingdom of Bhutan, a small state bordering India and China and located deep within the Himalayan Mountains, stands as an illustrative case of that paradigm. Not only has that country recently welcomed extensive democratic practices after a century of monarchical rule, but more interestingly, it did so by royal decree. This unusual top-down transition saw the ruling monarch effectively “enforcing” democracy onto the people rather than the opposite, which defied the customary paradigm of democratisation. Nonetheless, Bhutan’s process of democratisation has been hampered at an initial stage because most Bhutanese citizens remained satisfied with the previous monarchical regime. As such, the purpose of the communication is to enlighten the reader with the features of Bhutanese democracy and its preceding process of democratisation, while providing a possible answer on whether there is a common pattern in the transitional process of authoritarianism to democracy. In order to do so, the article firstly looks at Bhutan’s modern political history; secondly, it analyses the idiosyncrasies of Bhutanese democracy; and thirdly, it shows how the historical, religious and social background of Bhutan has led to a peculiar process of democratic consolidation. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-03-12 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76 https://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2018.10/pp.65-76 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://rpcp.pt/index.php/rpcp/article/view/15 https://rpcp.pt/index.php/rpcp/article/view/15/9 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Observatório Político |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Observatório Político |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Political Observer | Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política (Portuguese Journal of Political Science); No. 10 (2018); 65-76 2795-4765 2795-4757 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799130351670394880 |