The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757 |
Resumo: | Despite the recent economic growth and gender equality improvement in educational attainment, important gender disparities remain in the Peruvian labour market. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Peruvian gender wage gap evolution during 2007–2018 and identifies key elements that explain its patterns. First, the article shows that the raw wage gap showed an upward trend between 2007–2011, ranging from 6% to 12%, and remaining around that top bound ever since. Second, using Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition we find that the unexplained wage gap has remained virtually unchanged at around 17% during the study period. Reductions in endowment differences between men and women coupled with a stagnant unexplained gap led to slightly larger raw wage gaps over time. Moreover, the stagnant unexplained gap suggests the presence of structural problems regarding social norms, gender stereotyping and potential discrimination that affects the wage gap. Third, we show that both at a national and regional level, gender wage gaps are larger within the lowest percentiles, and they mostly have a downward slope across the earnings distribution. Finally, after computing the raw and unexplained gap at the region‐year level, we show that smaller regional gender gaps are associated with (a) higher GDP, (b) lower levels of domestic physical violence against women, and (c) lower percentages of women as household heads. |
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneitiesgender discrimination; gender inequality; gender wage gap; Peru; regional inequalityDespite the recent economic growth and gender equality improvement in educational attainment, important gender disparities remain in the Peruvian labour market. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Peruvian gender wage gap evolution during 2007–2018 and identifies key elements that explain its patterns. First, the article shows that the raw wage gap showed an upward trend between 2007–2011, ranging from 6% to 12%, and remaining around that top bound ever since. Second, using Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition we find that the unexplained wage gap has remained virtually unchanged at around 17% during the study period. Reductions in endowment differences between men and women coupled with a stagnant unexplained gap led to slightly larger raw wage gaps over time. Moreover, the stagnant unexplained gap suggests the presence of structural problems regarding social norms, gender stereotyping and potential discrimination that affects the wage gap. Third, we show that both at a national and regional level, gender wage gaps are larger within the lowest percentiles, and they mostly have a downward slope across the earnings distribution. Finally, after computing the raw and unexplained gap at the region‐year level, we show that smaller regional gender gaps are associated with (a) higher GDP, (b) lower levels of domestic physical violence against women, and (c) lower percentages of women as household heads.Cogitatio2022-01-25info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4757Social Inclusion; Vol 10, No 1 (2022): Recent Trends in Inequality and Exclusion in Latin America; 19-342183-2803reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/4757https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/4757/4757Copyright (c) 2022 Giannina Vaccaro, Maria Pia Basurto, Arlette Beltrán, Mariano Montoyahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessVaccaro, GianninaBasurto, Maria PiaBeltrán, ArletteMontoya, Mariano2022-12-20T11:00:02Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4757Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:21:33.118710Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
title |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
spellingShingle |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities Vaccaro, Giannina gender discrimination; gender inequality; gender wage gap; Peru; regional inequality |
title_short |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
title_full |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
title_fullStr |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
title_sort |
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities |
author |
Vaccaro, Giannina |
author_facet |
Vaccaro, Giannina Basurto, Maria Pia Beltrán, Arlette Montoya, Mariano |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Basurto, Maria Pia Beltrán, Arlette Montoya, Mariano |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Vaccaro, Giannina Basurto, Maria Pia Beltrán, Arlette Montoya, Mariano |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
gender discrimination; gender inequality; gender wage gap; Peru; regional inequality |
topic |
gender discrimination; gender inequality; gender wage gap; Peru; regional inequality |
description |
Despite the recent economic growth and gender equality improvement in educational attainment, important gender disparities remain in the Peruvian labour market. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Peruvian gender wage gap evolution during 2007–2018 and identifies key elements that explain its patterns. First, the article shows that the raw wage gap showed an upward trend between 2007–2011, ranging from 6% to 12%, and remaining around that top bound ever since. Second, using Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition we find that the unexplained wage gap has remained virtually unchanged at around 17% during the study period. Reductions in endowment differences between men and women coupled with a stagnant unexplained gap led to slightly larger raw wage gaps over time. Moreover, the stagnant unexplained gap suggests the presence of structural problems regarding social norms, gender stereotyping and potential discrimination that affects the wage gap. Third, we show that both at a national and regional level, gender wage gaps are larger within the lowest percentiles, and they mostly have a downward slope across the earnings distribution. Finally, after computing the raw and unexplained gap at the region‐year level, we show that smaller regional gender gaps are associated with (a) higher GDP, (b) lower levels of domestic physical violence against women, and (c) lower percentages of women as household heads. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-25 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757 oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4757 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4757 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/4757 https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4757 https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/4757/4757 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2022 Giannina Vaccaro, Maria Pia Basurto, Arlette Beltrán, Mariano Montoya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2022 Giannina Vaccaro, Maria Pia Basurto, Arlette Beltrán, Mariano Montoya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Social Inclusion; Vol 10, No 1 (2022): Recent Trends in Inequality and Exclusion in Latin America; 19-34 2183-2803 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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