State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Lay, Cornelis
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Eng, Netra
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3005
Resumo: This article analyses how and to what extent state regulation of civil society organisations (CSOs) have resulted in elitisation, i.e., the process of obtaining elite status within and beyond civil society. This is studied in the context of emerging democracy in Indonesia and shrinking civic space in Cambodia. Combining Bourdieu’s concepts of field and elite with strategic action fields, the article uses data from interviews with civil society leaders. It finds different patterns. In Indonesia, elitisation occurs through a process of CSO formalisation and bureaucratisation, with elites gaining legitimacy owing to their formal offices. As a result, competition for formal positions intensifies: This is particularly notable among national CSO leaders, who may shift their activities to the grassroots level to seek further empowerment and other capitals to legitimise their elite status, facilitate the rise of leaders in existing fields, and create pluralistic forms of elites. Regulations have also resulted in the marginalisation of non-formal elites and shifted the locus of legitimacy from activism to formalism. Meanwhile, in Cambodia, regulatory formalisation and bureaucratisation has not only reduced the space for elite competition and level of competitiveness, but also created ‘most dominant actors’ or ‘hyper-elites’ who are loyal to and support the regime and its priorities while punishing those who do not. This has resulted in a monolithic form of elites.
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spelling State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and CambodiaCambodia; civil society organisations; elitisation; Indonesia; state regulationsThis article analyses how and to what extent state regulation of civil society organisations (CSOs) have resulted in elitisation, i.e., the process of obtaining elite status within and beyond civil society. This is studied in the context of emerging democracy in Indonesia and shrinking civic space in Cambodia. Combining Bourdieu’s concepts of field and elite with strategic action fields, the article uses data from interviews with civil society leaders. It finds different patterns. In Indonesia, elitisation occurs through a process of CSO formalisation and bureaucratisation, with elites gaining legitimacy owing to their formal offices. As a result, competition for formal positions intensifies: This is particularly notable among national CSO leaders, who may shift their activities to the grassroots level to seek further empowerment and other capitals to legitimise their elite status, facilitate the rise of leaders in existing fields, and create pluralistic forms of elites. Regulations have also resulted in the marginalisation of non-formal elites and shifted the locus of legitimacy from activism to formalism. Meanwhile, in Cambodia, regulatory formalisation and bureaucratisation has not only reduced the space for elite competition and level of competitiveness, but also created ‘most dominant actors’ or ‘hyper-elites’ who are loyal to and support the regime and its priorities while punishing those who do not. This has resulted in a monolithic form of elites.Cogitatio2020-09-04info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3005oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3005Politics and Governance; Vol 8, No 3 (2020): Civil Society Elites; 97-1082183-2463reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3005https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3005https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3005/3005Copyright (c) 2020 Cornelis Lay, Netra Enghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLay, CornelisEng, Netra2022-10-21T16:03:29Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3005Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:13:45.784947Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
title State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
spellingShingle State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
Lay, Cornelis
Cambodia; civil society organisations; elitisation; Indonesia; state regulations
title_short State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
title_full State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
title_fullStr State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
title_full_unstemmed State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
title_sort State Regulations and Elitisation: A Study of Civil Society Elites in Indonesia and Cambodia
author Lay, Cornelis
author_facet Lay, Cornelis
Eng, Netra
author_role author
author2 Eng, Netra
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Lay, Cornelis
Eng, Netra
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Cambodia; civil society organisations; elitisation; Indonesia; state regulations
topic Cambodia; civil society organisations; elitisation; Indonesia; state regulations
description This article analyses how and to what extent state regulation of civil society organisations (CSOs) have resulted in elitisation, i.e., the process of obtaining elite status within and beyond civil society. This is studied in the context of emerging democracy in Indonesia and shrinking civic space in Cambodia. Combining Bourdieu’s concepts of field and elite with strategic action fields, the article uses data from interviews with civil society leaders. It finds different patterns. In Indonesia, elitisation occurs through a process of CSO formalisation and bureaucratisation, with elites gaining legitimacy owing to their formal offices. As a result, competition for formal positions intensifies: This is particularly notable among national CSO leaders, who may shift their activities to the grassroots level to seek further empowerment and other capitals to legitimise their elite status, facilitate the rise of leaders in existing fields, and create pluralistic forms of elites. Regulations have also resulted in the marginalisation of non-formal elites and shifted the locus of legitimacy from activism to formalism. Meanwhile, in Cambodia, regulatory formalisation and bureaucratisation has not only reduced the space for elite competition and level of competitiveness, but also created ‘most dominant actors’ or ‘hyper-elites’ who are loyal to and support the regime and its priorities while punishing those who do not. This has resulted in a monolithic form of elites.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-09-04
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url https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3005
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
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https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.3005
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3005/3005
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Cornelis Lay, Netra Eng
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Cornelis Lay, Netra Eng
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Cogitatio
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dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Politics and Governance; Vol 8, No 3 (2020): Civil Society Elites; 97-108
2183-2463
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