A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2012 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18 |
Resumo: | The HIV primary infection is defined as the phase that follows the initial events that leads to an HIV infection and precedes the onset of host immune response. This period is associated with a massive increase in viral load (the viremia could reach 108 copies of viral RNA/mL of plasma), a viral dissemination to several body compartments and lymphoid tissues, and also with a major depletion of T-CD4+ lymphocytes. Particularly in the GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), the massive destruction of memory T-cells is basically irreversible and has major consequences in the immunological and pathogenic outcome of HIV infection and in AIDS progression. Accordingly, a therapeutic intervention during this period, enabling the reduction of viral load and the CD4+ T-cells depletion, is currently assumed as being of paramount importance. This concept could be summarized as follows: the earlier the treatment given after infection, the more beneficial it will be on the preservation of the immune system and in the outcome of the disease. However, in order to accomplish this, is crucial that HIV infection during acute phase could be identified by means of an adequate diagnosis. Furthermore, this early diagnosis is also important to prevent new infections during the acute phase of HIV infection, due to the high levels of viral load characteristically present in all the recently infected patients. |
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A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoceA infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoceHIVPrimary infectionDiagnosisAntiretroviral therapyHIVInfecção primáriaDiagnósticoTerapêutica anti-retroviralThe HIV primary infection is defined as the phase that follows the initial events that leads to an HIV infection and precedes the onset of host immune response. This period is associated with a massive increase in viral load (the viremia could reach 108 copies of viral RNA/mL of plasma), a viral dissemination to several body compartments and lymphoid tissues, and also with a major depletion of T-CD4+ lymphocytes. Particularly in the GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), the massive destruction of memory T-cells is basically irreversible and has major consequences in the immunological and pathogenic outcome of HIV infection and in AIDS progression. Accordingly, a therapeutic intervention during this period, enabling the reduction of viral load and the CD4+ T-cells depletion, is currently assumed as being of paramount importance. This concept could be summarized as follows: the earlier the treatment given after infection, the more beneficial it will be on the preservation of the immune system and in the outcome of the disease. However, in order to accomplish this, is crucial that HIV infection during acute phase could be identified by means of an adequate diagnosis. Furthermore, this early diagnosis is also important to prevent new infections during the acute phase of HIV infection, due to the high levels of viral load characteristically present in all the recently infected patients. A infecção aguda/primária é definida como o período de tempo que vai desde a infecção pelo HIV até ao início da resposta imunitária. Nesta fase ocorre uma intensa replicação viral (com valores de virémia até 108 cópias de RNA/mL de plama), com disseminação visceral e pelos tecidos linfóides, e uma diminuição acentuada dos linfócitos T CD4+. Nos tecidos linfóides associados ao aparelho digestivo – GALT (“gut-associated limphoid tissue”), a perda de células T CD4+ de memória é maioritariamente irreversível e apresenta profundas consequências imunológicas, que eventualmente se manifestam, a médio/longo prazo, na falha das defesas do hospedeiro e na consequente progressão para SIDA. A intervenção terapêutica na fase aguda da infecção por HIV é, face ao exposto, extremamente importante na redução dessa depleção e, consequentemente, no diminuição da taxa de progressão para SIDA. O diagnóstico precoce da infecção primária pelo HIV é fundamental dado os indiscutíveis benefícios do tratamento iniciado nessa fase e que se podem resumir no conceito de que quanto mais cedo o tratamento for iniciado, maior será a eficácia na preservação da imunidade e menor a taxa de progressão para a doença. Além disso, ao permitir a identificação precoce destas infecções, permite, também, que se tomem medidas preventivas afim de evitar a transmissão do vírus numa fase caracterizada por elevadas cargas virais e, portanto, por uma elevada infecciosidade. Acta Farmacêutica Portuguesa2012-06-30T00:00:00Zjournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18oai:ojs.actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com:article/18Acta Farmacêutica Portuguesa; v. 1 n. 2 (2012); 5-172182-3340reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPporhttps://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18/19Loreto, SóniaAzevedo-Pereira, José M.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-09-05T12:29:44Zoai:ojs.actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com:article/18Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T14:59:52.313989Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
title |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
spellingShingle |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce Loreto, Sónia HIV Primary infection Diagnosis Antiretroviral therapy HIV Infecção primária Diagnóstico Terapêutica anti-retroviral |
title_short |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
title_full |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
title_fullStr |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
title_full_unstemmed |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
title_sort |
A infecção por HIV – importância das fases iniciais e do diagnóstico precoce |
author |
Loreto, Sónia |
author_facet |
Loreto, Sónia Azevedo-Pereira, José M. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Azevedo-Pereira, José M. |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Loreto, Sónia Azevedo-Pereira, José M. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
HIV Primary infection Diagnosis Antiretroviral therapy HIV Infecção primária Diagnóstico Terapêutica anti-retroviral |
topic |
HIV Primary infection Diagnosis Antiretroviral therapy HIV Infecção primária Diagnóstico Terapêutica anti-retroviral |
description |
The HIV primary infection is defined as the phase that follows the initial events that leads to an HIV infection and precedes the onset of host immune response. This period is associated with a massive increase in viral load (the viremia could reach 108 copies of viral RNA/mL of plasma), a viral dissemination to several body compartments and lymphoid tissues, and also with a major depletion of T-CD4+ lymphocytes. Particularly in the GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), the massive destruction of memory T-cells is basically irreversible and has major consequences in the immunological and pathogenic outcome of HIV infection and in AIDS progression. Accordingly, a therapeutic intervention during this period, enabling the reduction of viral load and the CD4+ T-cells depletion, is currently assumed as being of paramount importance. This concept could be summarized as follows: the earlier the treatment given after infection, the more beneficial it will be on the preservation of the immune system and in the outcome of the disease. However, in order to accomplish this, is crucial that HIV infection during acute phase could be identified by means of an adequate diagnosis. Furthermore, this early diagnosis is also important to prevent new infections during the acute phase of HIV infection, due to the high levels of viral load characteristically present in all the recently infected patients. |
publishDate |
2012 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2012-06-30T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18 oai:ojs.actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com:article/18 |
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https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com:article/18 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
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https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18 https://actafarmaceuticaportuguesa.com/index.php/afp/article/view/18/19 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Acta Farmacêutica Portuguesa |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Acta Farmacêutica Portuguesa |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Acta Farmacêutica Portuguesa; v. 1 n. 2 (2012); 5-17 2182-3340 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799129870973796352 |