A educação japonesa na cidade de Santos (1908-1943)

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Rafael da Silva e
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UNISANTOS
• Texto Completo: https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/1163
• topic: educação; imigração; escola japonesa; education; immigration; japanese school; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO

In 1908, the Kasatu Maru arrived at the port of Santos, in the coast of São Paulo State, bringing the first Japanese immigrants to work in the coffee farms and starting the History of Japanese Immigration in Brazil. From then on, the Japanese spread through several regions of the State, founding new communities. Some of these immigrants decided to return, in that same year, to the city of Santos. A common hallmark, after the forming of a community, was the building of a schoolhouse. That also happened in the coastal city, where the Japanese struggled to guarantee the teaching of their native language to new generations by building and maintaining their own schools, especially the Escola Japonesa de Santos (Japanese School of Santos), whose main function was to centralize the study of the Japanese language in the city. This work was intended as a study of the Japanese schooling in the city of Santos, its progress and relevance to the local Japanese community, from the arrival of the first immigrants to the year of 1943, when, along with German and Italian natives, they were banned from the region by a decree from the federal government, leading to the shutdown of Japanese schools. For that purpose, a research was done in public and private archives, where a wide range of documents was found, such as certificates, judicial files, newspapers, photographs, etc. Oral History interviews were also utilized to obtain life histories, with a thematic focus on the Japanese education, from former students and other persons close to the community, such as friends, descendents of employees, etc. The research was based, among others, in the works of authors Wilma Therezinha Fernandes de Andrade and Ana Lúcia Duarte Lanna, for both explore the changes the city of Santos went through in the late nineteen century and early twentieth, when the first Japanese immigrants arrived. It is also based in the works of Tomoo Handa, which offers a great retrospect of the history of Japanese immigration in Brazil, Hiroshi Saito, whose theory defends a division of the Japanese immigration in Brazil in three different periods, and in the work of Zeila de Brito Fabri Demartini, dedicated to the education of Japanese immigrants in the country, mainly in the State of São Paulo. As its final considerations, it was noted that education was highly valued among the Japanese, for, in the absence of their own schools, parents enrolled their children in elementary schools, even if that meant compromising the teaching of their native language. It was also noted that the Escola Japonesa served as a cultural and administrative center for the Japanese community as well, besides being a regular school that met all the official requirements.