The subtraction approach in the Normal Primary Schools and Primary Education textbooks, at the beginning of the 20th century

• Autor(a) principal: Santiago, Ana Elisa Esteves
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática - REnCiMa
• Texto Completo: https://revistapos.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/rencima/article/view/3101
• topic: Ensino Primário; Formação de Professores do Ensino Primário; Aritmética; Subtração; Livro Didático; Primary Education; Training of Primary School Teachers; Arithmetic; Subtraction; Textbook; Educación Primaria; Formación de Profesores de Primaria; Aritmética; Resta; Libro de Texto

This article discusses the subtraction approach in three books from the beginning of the 20th century: two used in primary education training teachers’ programs related to mathematics and pedagogy and the other used as textbook for primary education in Portugal. The focus is to understand the approach they presented regarding this arithmetic operation, from the mathematical and didactic point of view. For this purpose, a historical research methodology was used, through documentary analysis of primary sources. We started by analyzing what the Primary Education and Normal Education programs referred in relation to arithmetic operations, in particular subtraction, and then proceed to the analysis of each works, in the part related to the arithmetic operation subtraction. It was observed that the works present different ways of approaching subtraction, presenting different methods (compensation or decomposition). The exercises also present differences, namely in relation to the quantity. It was also found that the three works address the three situations (the case that each number is only represented by a digit, the case that all the diminisher digits are greater than the diminishing digits and in which case not all the diminishing digits are larger than those of the diminisher).