Efeito da idade cronológica e biológica sobre variáveis preditoras de desempenho em crianças e adolescentes nadadores

• Autor(a) principal: Mezzaroba, Paulo Victor
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/2200
• topic: Maturação; Natação - Treinamento; Capacidade aeróbica; Capacidade anaeróbica; Treinamento físico - Avaliação de desempenho; Ciências da Saúde; Educação Física

Physiological and adaptive responses of children and adolescents to physical overloads are different from that observed in adults or even among young people of different chronological age or maturity level. Identify and know the peculiarities of this population in parameters that can help the control and training prescription are extremely important. In swimming, indices that can identify aerobic and anaerobic capacity, mechanical swimming factors such as technical indexes, anthropometry and body composition, are factors influenced by the growth and development process and mainly they are performance influencers, so, the aim of this study was to verify the influence of chronological and biological age on performance predictors of children and adolescent swimmers. The study included 46 swimmers with chronological age between 10 and 16 years old, divided according to biological age (GB) and chronological age(GC) in four subgroups (GC1 and GC2, GB1 and GB2), the subjects had the anthropometric measurements taken, partial sample (n=17) were assessed by the X-ray dual energy absorptiometry (DEXA), were performed maximal performances of 100m, 200m and 400m for the determination of aerobic parameters: critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic: capacity of anaerobic work (CTAn) whit different distance combination, the subjects also performed the lactate minimum (Lacmin) progressive protocol for the velocity of Lacmin (VLacmin) determination, in all performances (different distances and velocity) were determined the technical indexes: stroke cycle frequency (FBr), distance per stroke cycle (DBr) and stroke index (IBr). The results were compared between biological and chronological subgroups, were determined the relationship between the aerobic, anaerobic, mechanical, anthropometric and body composition parameters to the performance, the relation between the different distance combination CV and VLacmin, and were also compared the technical indexes determined by different distances and velocities. Anthropometric variables, body composition, aerobic parameters and technical indexes have proven to be good performance predictors of children and adolescents, the better performance seems to be linked to the increase of muscle mass (GB1 and GB2). Despite all combination of CV present good relations with the performance and with VLacmín, it is suggested the inclusion of the 400m performance in the model. The technical indexes, especially in the DBr (GB1 and GC1), and IBr responded differently in changing distance and velocity of performance. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the division of a group by biological age can identify specific aspects in children and adolescents, that is affected by the maturational process, also enhance the possibility of using CV determined by two distances (100 and 400m) as a simple and affective parameter to determine the aerobic capacity. Furthermore the control of technical indexes during growth and development its necessary to obtain the optimal combination of DBr and FBr in different performances.