A técnica da distinção de precedente à luz do princípio do Acesso à Justiça: critérios a serem observados pelos Juízes e Tribunais

• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Sonia Leal
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/19172
• topic: Distinguishing; Access to justice; Precedents; Artificial Intelligence; Distinção de precedentes; Acesso à Justiça; Precedentes Vinculantes; Inteligência Artificial; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO::TEORIA DO DIREITO

The present study aims to examine the importance of the correct use of the distinguishing to guarantee access to justice. To do so, first, the main problems in the application of the distinguishing are identified, based on the analysis of concrete cases. It was verified whether the so-called "culture of the summary" would compromise the good technique in the construction of decisions, harming the identification, in a clear and correct way, of the determining foundations of the precedent and the case sub judice, as well as the observance of the constitutional duty of reasoning of judicial decisions. From the premises analyzed, we sought to identify criteria aimed at the correct application of the distinguishing by the Brazilian judiciary. It was concluded that the distinguishing needs to be based (i) on a sufficient argumentative burden and duly demonstrated through adequate and consistent reasoning; (ii) in the necessary abandonment of the mere invocation of summaries of precedents out of context and, (iii) in the correct identification of the ratio decidendi, under penalty of violation of the minimum guarantees that inform the fair process and, consequently, of the effective access to the justice. Finally, the research brought a study on the use of Artificial Intelligence in Brazil by the Courts, and concluded that the decision exclusively by algorithm, without human supervision, must be rejected, since, in its current stage of development, it can cause several distortions. with regard to the distinction of precedents.