Do pessimismo em dicção verista: modulações do narrador “sincero e desapaixonado” em Giovanni Verga

• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Leonardo Freitas de
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/18358
• topic: Pessimism; Realism; Pessimismo; Realismo; Giovanni Verga; Verga, Giovanni, 1840-1922 – Crítica e interpretação; Realismo na literatura; Literatura italiana; LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS::TEORIA LITERARIA

We propose, in this work, a survey of Giovanni Verga's critical fortune, which, apparently, is contradictory in the face of the analyzed and studied aspects: realism and pessimism. Verga is considered by his readers the genius of impersonality, a writer who proposes the presence of an invisible narrator in his texts and who, according to scholars, manages to crystallize this proposal perfectly. It happens that, on the other hand, the same author is related, in many cases, to interpretations that find, in his text, a certain degree of pessimism, a pessimism that often, it is true, is only found in the plot plane, but that, at certain moments, as in the case of I Malavoglia, his best-known novel, is also found in the figure of the narrator, which immediately marks a certain degree of subjectivity on his part. In front of this, therefore, we have a reading that actually sounds contradictory, which drives us to investigate other narrative gears worked by the same figure of the Verguian narrator, such as adjectives and comparisons, which make his subjectivity explicit and tear once and for all that invisibility cloak proposed by its author. In this work, then, we will delve deeper into the understanding of the verista school, an Italian stylistic of which Verga is considered the main exponent, and in some aspects of the novel genre, based on various literary theorists, to investigate the oscillations that exist in Verga's work, oscillations that certainly deconstruct a purely realistic, objective and impersonal reading of the emphasized writer. In addition to more limited and more domesticated cataloging, Verga can be understood and interpreted as a versatile and multifaceted artist, marked by modulations within his narratives, a type of style that, rather than limiting him to one or another type of key to reading, would elevate him to the status of a skilled novelist and short story writer if we take into account, above all, the heterodiscourse according to Bakhtin.