Luzes e sombras na construção de um caminho para pacientes incuráveis: a eutanásia à luz da bioética e do direito

• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Verônica Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/7745
• topic: Euthanasia; Autonomy; Dignity of the human person; Secular approach to compassion; Eutanásia; Autonomia; Dignidade da pessoa humana; Compaixão laica; Pacientes incuráveis; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

In the light of Bioethics and Law, this dissertation analyzes euthanasia, in its active and voluntary form, as a possibility to patients suffering from incurable diseases. Through a theoretical approach, this dissertation is based on a review of the current Brazilian and foreign literature, and also of what has been published in the media, in issues such as euthanasia, death, life, dignity, autonomy, Bioethics principles, freedom. A bibliography focused mainly on Philosophy, Ethics, Bioethics, Medicine and Law has contributed to better analyze the theoretical matters of this dissertation. Death, the transformations of its concepts along the years, the necessary differences among the concepts of end of life though their closeness and have their own specificities, are here approached. In order to discuss the limits of medical intervention to the patient, as well as the principle of autonomy in the light of Bioethics and of Law, principles such as non-maleficence and beneficence are here presented. We aim to demonstrate that, for the sake of autonomy, even the wishes of an incurable patient must be respected. The rights to life and to freedom are here examined, in order to consider the principle of the human dignity. Principles such as the sacredness of life and quality of life are, at first, differentiated, and are later reunited. The Code of Medical Ethics and the Resolution nr. 1805/2006, of the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine which authorizes orthotanasia -, are analyzed in order to compare the limits to medical practice and the autonomy of the patient. Highlighting the current criminalization of euthanasia in Brazilian Law, we aim to demonstrate how perverse it is that criminalization to the suffering one. Through solidarity and the secular approach to compassion, we might also find the right means to legalize euthanasia, thus protecting the vulnerados from eventual abuses. The stories of Ramón Sampedro and Vincent Humbert persons that, suffering from tetraplegia due to an accident, have petitioned to superior Courts for their right to die with dignity - are examples of the different concepts here employed. Finally, having Belgium and the Netherlands as examples of States where euthanasia, under the compliance of some requirements, is authorized, we present the personal and minimal formal requirements to fully respect the unequivocal declaration of will made by an incurable patient