Avaliação da imobilização de preparações enzimáticas contendo lipases e seu emprego em reações de síntese de biodiesel

• Autor(a) principal: Pedro, Kelly Cristina Nascimento Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11878
• topic: Lipases; Immobilization; Inorganic solids; Esterification; Lipases; Imobilização; Sólidos inorgânicos; Esterificação; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA

In this work the immobilization of commercial lipases CALB, Palatase 20000 L and Lipolase 100L all from Novozymes Latin America Ltda., and the crude aqueous enzyme extract of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682 on micro- and mesoporous materials and their subsequent use in synthesis reactions of biodiesel. The effects of lipase source, temperature and enzymatic content were studied in the esterification reactions of oleic acid and transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol using the enzymatic preparations in their aqueous form. The highest conversions in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol were 62.3% and 74.2% obtained at 30°C and employing 30% v.v-1 of CALB and Palatase 20000L, respectively. In the reactions of biodiesel synthesis from the transesterification of soybean oil with etanol the highest yield was 97.3% using 30°C and 10% v.v-1 of Lipolase 100L. In the immobilization of enzyme preparations the effects of the type of support, sodium phosphate buffer solution concentration, enzyme concentration and the type of reaction system were investigated. The highest immobilization efficiencies for CALB (91.4%), Lipolase 100L (99.9%) and the crude aqueous enzyme extract of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682 (62.9%) were obtained when the Siral 40 support was employed, while for Palatase 20000L, the best support was Siral 20 (97.6%). The use of the 100 mM phosphate buffer decreased the immobilization efficiency of the enzyme preparations. Regardless of the type of reactor employed, it was possible to obtain immobilization efficiencies above 40%. Heterogeneous biocatalystswere tested in the reaction of ethyl oleate synthesis and an increase in the thermal stability of the immobilized biocatalyst was observed relative to its aqueous form.For CALB immobilized in Siral 40, conversion of 61.7% was obtained at 60°C. CALB and Lipolase 100L immobilized on Siral 40 and Palatase 20000L immobilized on Siral 20 could be reused while maintaining about 30% of the initial conversion after 3 batchings. Heterogeneous biocatalysts showed no activity in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil. The use of Palatase 20000L in both its aqueous and immobilized form enabled conversions of about 80% to be achieved. Thus, this biocatalyst could be used for the removal of fatty acids in preliminary stages of suitability of the acidic raw material (acid oils) for synthesis of biodiesel.