Evolução de indicadores de qualidade da alimentação dos brasileiros: aquisição de frutas, hortaliças, bebidas não alcoólicas e densidade energética da dieta

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Natália
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/18031
• topic: Recomendaciones nutricionales; La ingesta de alimentos; Vigilância nutricional; Epidemiologia nutricional; Recomendações nutricionais; Ingestão de Alimentos; Alimentos ultraprocessados; Fast Foods; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO::ANALISE NUTRICIONAL DE POPULACAO

This thesis aimed to evaluate the evolution of food quality indicators for Brazilians and is structured in three manuscripts. Data referring to food purchases from the Household Budget Surveys for 2002-03, 2008-09 and 2017-18 were used. Article 1: it was characterized the quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables purchased in Brazilian households in 2008-09 and 2017-18 and according to regions and income classes in 2017-18. The annual purchased per capita of fruits and vegetables was transformed into daily values (in grams). The means of the absolute and relative amount of each type of fruit and vegetable were described. There was low purchase of fruits and vegetables in Brazil (54.4g and 42.7g in 2008-09; 49.7g and 37.4g in 2017-18, respectively), and in all regions and income classes. The South had the largest acquisition and the North the smallest; the amount purchased increased with the increase in income. Six types of fruit (silver banana, apple, water banana, orange, watermelon and papaya) and three types of vegetables (tomato, onion and carrot) represented more than 50% of the total purchase in Brazil, being similar in all strata analyzed. Article 2: the evolution in the volume of minimally processed and ultra-processed beverages purchased for consumption in Brazilian households and according to energy participation of ultra-processed foods in the diet was evaluated. The mean per capita daily purchase volume (in milligrams) of beverages and respective confidence intervals (95%CI) were described. The most purchased drink in 2002-03 was milk (154.7ml; 95%CI 146.4-162.9) and in 2017-18 it was regular soft (110.7ml; IC 95% 99.2-122.2). There was a decrease in the purchase of milk skimmed, and an increase in other ultraprocessed drinks. The volume purchased for all ultraprocessed beverages increased and minimally processed drinks is lower as the share of ultra-processed foods increased. Article 3: the trend of energy density (ED) in Brazilian diet and foods acquired was evaluated, considering the NOVA classification groups and the denser ultra-processed food subgroups. All food items were classified as ultra-processed or non-ultra-processed. After applying correction and cooking factors to the foods, the ED of all solid items was calculated. Means and 95%CI of the total ED were described for each NOVA group and for the ultra-processed subgroups. The total ED of the diet did not change over the 15 years (1.97 a 1.94), but it could not be considered low (>1.25). The trend reveals an increase in the ED of processed foods (0.008; 95%CI 0.005-0.011) and ultra-processed foods (0.006; 95%CI 0.001-0.010). Ultra-processed foods constitute the densest food group (2017-18: 3.11), with twice the ED of fresh or minimally processed foods + culinary ingredients (2017-18: 1.71). The six most dense subgroups of ultra-processed products in the three periods studied were: margarine, sweet and savory cookies, chocolates, breakfast cereal and cold cuts and sausages. Considering the three indicators used, we can conclude that the quality of Brazilian diet is getting worse over the years, since the acquisition of healthy eating markers decreases and unhealthy ones increase, enhancing the risk of Non-Communicable Diseases.