A influência da habilidade empática sobre o perdão interpessoal

• Autor(a) principal: Pinho, Vanessa Dordron de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15252
• topic: Empathy; Forgiveness; Social psychology; Empatia; Perdão; Psicologia social; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL::RELACOES INTERPESSOAIS

Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of empathic skill. It is associated with psychological health and well-being, the more satisfying relationships, pro-social and moral behaviors, resilience etc., while its absence is associated with various personal and interpersonal losses. As a social skill, empathy is considered a multidimensional phenomenon with cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. Respectively, it involves the ability to understand the point of view of another person, to genuinely be interested in one s welfare, and to express, through verbal and/or non-verbal behaviors, one s understanding and interest to the interlocutor, allowing the former to feel understood and validated in his/her experiences. This skill has been linked more recently, by several international studies, to the ability of forgiving an offender for his/her transgression. Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of the empathic skill about the interpersonal forgiveness in a Brazilian sample. Forgiveness has also been considered a multifactorial experience, with cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects, which encompass the thoughts, emotions and behaviors in relation to an offender. To carry out this investigation, 172 participants completed the Empathy Inventory (EI), the Attitude Scale (The Enright Forgiveness Inventory - EFI) and a form about sociodemographic data. EI has four subscales: Perspective Taking, Affective Sensitivity, Interpersonal Flexibility and Altruism. EFI presents a Global Scale of forgiveness and three Subscales: Affective, Cognitive and Behavioral. Correlational and regression tests were processed to investigate the relationship between factors of EI and EFI, and the prediction of empathy on forgiveness. The results indicated several statistically significant and positive relationships: Perspective Taking was related to the Global Forgiveness Scale and to the Emotional and Behavioral Subscales; Affective Sensitivity and Altruism were related to the Global and the Behavioral Forgiveness Scales; Interpersonal Flexibility was the only empathic factor that did not show significant correlations with forgiveness. Concerning regression, it was found that: Altruism and Perspective Taking combined, or Perspective Taking alone predicted the Global Forgiveness; Affective Sensitivity, Perspective Taking and Altruism, combined or individually, have predictive value on the Behavioral Forgiveness Subscale, and only the Perspective Taking, alone, predicted the Affective Forgiveness Subscale. No EI factor was predictive on the Cognitive Subscale of interpersonal forgiveness, and Interpersonal Flexibility did not predict any dimension of EFI. The results support previous researches, confirming the importance of empathy for the occurrence of interpersonal forgiveness. However, it is noteworthy that Perspective Taking stood out as the most important empathic dimension, suggesting the relevance that the ability to adopt the point of view of another person has to achieve forgiveness