Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Cooper, Philip J.
Data de Publicação: 2014
Outros Autores: Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda Maritza, Rodriguez, Alejandro, Chico, Martha E., Santos, D. N., Rodrigues, Laura C., Barreto, Mauricio Lima
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFBA
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17774
Resumo: BACKGROUND: Rural residence is protective against atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in developed countries, an effect attributed to farming and poor hygiene exposures. There are few data from developing countries addressing this question. We compared atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms between urban and rural Ecuador, and explored the effects of farming and poor hygiene exposures. METHODS: We performed cross sectional studies of schoolchildren living in rural and urban Ecuador. Data on symptoms and farming/hygiene exposures were collected by parental questionnaire, atopy by allergen skin prick test reactivity and geohelminth infections by stool examinations. RESULTS: Among 2526 urban and 4295 rural schoolchildren, prevalence was: atopy (10.0% vs 12.5%, p=0.06), wheeze (9.4% vs 10.1%, p=0.05), rhinitis (8.1% vs 6.4%, p=0.02) and eczema (5.9% vs 4.7%, p=0.06). A small proportion of symptoms were attributable to atopy (range 3.9-10.7%) with greater attributable fractions for respiratory symptoms observed in urban schoolchildren. Respiratory symptoms were associated with poor hygiene/farming exposures: wheeze with lack of access to potable water; and rhinitis with household pets, no bathroom facilities and contact with large farm animals. Birth order was inversely associated with respiratory symptoms. Area of residence and atopy had few effects on these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Urban schoolchildren living in Ecuador have a similar prevalence of atopy, eczema and wheeze but a higher prevalence of rhinitis compared with rural children. Some farming and poor hygiene exposures were associated with an increase in the prevalence of wheeze or rhinitis while birth order was inversely associated with these symptoms.
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spelling Cooper, Philip J.Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda MaritzaRodriguez, AlejandroChico, Martha E.Santos, D. N.Rodrigues, Laura C.Barreto, Mauricio LimaCooper, Philip J.Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda MaritzaRodriguez, AlejandroChico, Martha E.Santos, D. N.Rodrigues, Laura C.Barreto, Mauricio Lima2015-05-28T13:00:14Z20141468-3296http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17774v.69, n.3, p.232-9.BACKGROUND: Rural residence is protective against atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in developed countries, an effect attributed to farming and poor hygiene exposures. There are few data from developing countries addressing this question. We compared atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms between urban and rural Ecuador, and explored the effects of farming and poor hygiene exposures. METHODS: We performed cross sectional studies of schoolchildren living in rural and urban Ecuador. Data on symptoms and farming/hygiene exposures were collected by parental questionnaire, atopy by allergen skin prick test reactivity and geohelminth infections by stool examinations. RESULTS: Among 2526 urban and 4295 rural schoolchildren, prevalence was: atopy (10.0% vs 12.5%, p=0.06), wheeze (9.4% vs 10.1%, p=0.05), rhinitis (8.1% vs 6.4%, p=0.02) and eczema (5.9% vs 4.7%, p=0.06). A small proportion of symptoms were attributable to atopy (range 3.9-10.7%) with greater attributable fractions for respiratory symptoms observed in urban schoolchildren. Respiratory symptoms were associated with poor hygiene/farming exposures: wheeze with lack of access to potable water; and rhinitis with household pets, no bathroom facilities and contact with large farm animals. Birth order was inversely associated with respiratory symptoms. Area of residence and atopy had few effects on these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Urban schoolchildren living in Ecuador have a similar prevalence of atopy, eczema and wheeze but a higher prevalence of rhinitis compared with rural children. Some farming and poor hygiene exposures were associated with an increase in the prevalence of wheeze or rhinitis while birth order was inversely associated with these symptoms.Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-28T13:00:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto. 2014.pdf: 335655 bytes, checksum: 77a4aa35068cbe90207abc0a1bc0b559 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T13:00:14Z (GMT). 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dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
dc.title.alternative.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Thorax
title Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
spellingShingle Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
Cooper, Philip J.
Atopy
Farming
Hygiene
Urban-Rural
Wheeze-Rhinitis-Eczema
title_short Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
title_full Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
title_fullStr Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
title_sort Hygiene, atopy and wheeze-eczema-rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
author Cooper, Philip J.
author_facet Cooper, Philip J.
Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda Maritza
Rodriguez, Alejandro
Chico, Martha E.
Santos, D. N.
Rodrigues, Laura C.
Barreto, Mauricio Lima
author_role author
author2 Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda Maritza
Rodriguez, Alejandro
Chico, Martha E.
Santos, D. N.
Rodrigues, Laura C.
Barreto, Mauricio Lima
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Cooper, Philip J.
Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda Maritza
Rodriguez, Alejandro
Chico, Martha E.
Santos, D. N.
Rodrigues, Laura C.
Barreto, Mauricio Lima
Cooper, Philip J.
Vaca-Martínez, Gioconda Maritza
Rodriguez, Alejandro
Chico, Martha E.
Santos, D. N.
Rodrigues, Laura C.
Barreto, Mauricio Lima
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Atopy
Farming
Hygiene
Urban-Rural
Wheeze-Rhinitis-Eczema
topic Atopy
Farming
Hygiene
Urban-Rural
Wheeze-Rhinitis-Eczema
description BACKGROUND: Rural residence is protective against atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in developed countries, an effect attributed to farming and poor hygiene exposures. There are few data from developing countries addressing this question. We compared atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms between urban and rural Ecuador, and explored the effects of farming and poor hygiene exposures. METHODS: We performed cross sectional studies of schoolchildren living in rural and urban Ecuador. Data on symptoms and farming/hygiene exposures were collected by parental questionnaire, atopy by allergen skin prick test reactivity and geohelminth infections by stool examinations. RESULTS: Among 2526 urban and 4295 rural schoolchildren, prevalence was: atopy (10.0% vs 12.5%, p=0.06), wheeze (9.4% vs 10.1%, p=0.05), rhinitis (8.1% vs 6.4%, p=0.02) and eczema (5.9% vs 4.7%, p=0.06). A small proportion of symptoms were attributable to atopy (range 3.9-10.7%) with greater attributable fractions for respiratory symptoms observed in urban schoolchildren. Respiratory symptoms were associated with poor hygiene/farming exposures: wheeze with lack of access to potable water; and rhinitis with household pets, no bathroom facilities and contact with large farm animals. Birth order was inversely associated with respiratory symptoms. Area of residence and atopy had few effects on these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Urban schoolchildren living in Ecuador have a similar prevalence of atopy, eczema and wheeze but a higher prevalence of rhinitis compared with rural children. Some farming and poor hygiene exposures were associated with an increase in the prevalence of wheeze or rhinitis while birth order was inversely associated with these symptoms.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2014
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dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 1468-3296
dc.identifier.number.pt_BR.fl_str_mv v.69, n.3, p.232-9.
identifier_str_mv 1468-3296
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