ProduÃÃo de biossurfactantes por bactÃrias isoladas do solo, rizosfera e Ãgua do mangue do Rio Cocà (Fortaleza - CE)

• Autor(a) principal: Victor Conde Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC
• Texto Completo: http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14562
• topic: Biossurfactantes; Manguezais; Rio CocÃ; Derivados de petrÃleo; Biosurfactants; Mangroves; Rio CocÃ; Petroleum derivatives; ENGENHARIA DE PESCA

Mangroves are tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystems located in estuarine zones, important for the maintenance of biogeochemical cicles, marine fauna reproduction and the economy. However, these environments are under constant pressure, including contamination by oil and its derivatives threatens these environments. The use of microbial biosurfactants for environmental decontamination has been considered an eco-friendly alternative. The aim of this research was to collect and characterize biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains that emulsify oil products in Rio Cocà Mangrove, Fortaleza, CearÃ. One collection in rainy season and other one in dry season were made in two points, one of them in Cocà Ecological Park and another one in the river mouth. A total, 4 soil samples, 4 water samples and 4 Laguncularia racemosa seedlings were collected. The samples were homogenized and a fraction was added in Erlemeyers containing Bushnell-Haas broth added with kerosene and gasoline and incubated at 30 C for periods of 48 and 72 h. Inocula were made on the surface of TSA agar medium, incubated at 35ÂC for 48 h and then colonies were selected and isolated. The strains were characterized and verified the purity of cultures by Gram staining technique. Biosurfactant production capacity was assessed by drop collapse test and the detected emulsion was after assessed by volume and stability emulsification tests and emulsifier activity test. A total, 58 strains were isolated, 50 are Gram-negative and 8 are Gram-positive, separated according the source: 21 from water, 21 from sediment and 16 from the rhizosphere of seedlings. A total of 55 strains (95%) had positive results in the drop collapse test. All 10 strains with emulsification volume above 50% in 24 hours also exhibited stability above 50% up to 168 hours. Five strains showed emulsifying activity above 2,00 UAE, while 29 strains showed activity between 1,00 and 2,00 UAE. We concluded that it is possible to isolate biosurfactant-producing bacteria from Rio Cocà mangrove and that the most efficient strains in the tests were isolated from the point located in the Cocà Ecological Park.