Estudo de parâmetros de extração de polifenois e antocianinas de Jussara (Euterpe edulis Martius)

• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Marina Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4940
• topic: Optimization; Extraction; Ultrasound; Bioactive compounds; Otimização; Extração; Compostos bioativos; Euterpe edulis Martius; Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Extração por solventes; Fenóis; Ultrassom; Palmeira; Antocianinas; Antioxidantes; 664

The color of a product influences its acceptance and to intensify or impart color to products, natural or artificial colorants are added. Anthocyanins are natural pigments widely found in flowers and fruits, and besides its attractive coloring, have potential health benefits due to their antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antiviral action. Jussara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a substantial source of anthocyanins, but it is still poorly explored. The anthocyanin extraction can be performed in various ways which may differ in terms of yield. Thus, the study of the extraction process is crucial to determine the optimal conditions to maximize the efficiency of extraction and minimize losses. The objective of this study was to characterize the jussara pulp and optimize the anthocyanin and phenolic compounds extraction process, maximizing its antioxidant activity. To this end, were evaluated the type and concentration of solvent, the ratio solution:pulp, as well as the temperature and the ultrasonic power. Initially the physicalchemical characterization of the fruit was carried out, and its content of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was measured. Optimization of anthocyanins extraction was studied in central composite rotational designs evaluating the effect of the type and concentration solvent and the ratio solution:pulp. Subsequently the effect of ultrasound on the extraction of bioactive and antioxidant activity was studied. It was observed that jussara pulp is rich in bioactive and antioxidant activity, being cyanidin 3-rutinoside the major anthocyanin (0.61 mg.g -1 ). Furthermore it was found that Jussara is a fruit rich in lipids (3.33%), slightly acid (0.19%) with pH of 5.06 and antioxidant activity of 16.06 µmol Trolox.g -1 . Regarding the extraction, it was suggested the use of ethanol as extracting solvent, since this was not different from the other solvents tested and shows less toxicity and cost, besides allowing its use in contact with food. As for the concentration and ratio solution:pulp, it was observed that the assay using 50% ethanol and 15.6 mL.g-1 showed better anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity extraction. In the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity using ultrasound, the temperature did not influence the process, thus it was observed that the extraction can occur at 25 °C, reducing the energy costs necessary to increase the temperature. As for the ultrasonic power applied, to obtain extracts rich in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, was suggested the non-application of ultrasonic waves. However, to obtain higher antioxidant activity, it is recommended to use power of 360 W, also associated with a temperature of 25 °C.