Aproveitamento tecnológico da casca do cacau para geração de energia

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Maiquel Moreira Nunes
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8470
• topic: Biomass; Cocoa waste; Process engineering; Heuristics; Thermochemical routes; Resíduos do cacau; Engenharia de processos; Heurísticas; Rotas termoquímicas; Biomassa; Engenharia/Tecnologia/Gestão; Engenharia de produção; Resíduos agrícolas; Energia; Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo; Cacau; 620.9

In the current scenary of instability in the energy market, the technological use of the residual biomass appears as a promissing alternative. During the processing of the fruit of cocoa, the waste generated still do not have a proper final destination. Among the several possibilities of use of such residue, the energy conversion requires technological and operational advances. Thus, the objective of this work was the process synthesis of the energy production from the cocoa pod husk, through routes of direct combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Experimental studies with selected cocoa – TSH 1188, Comum, Catongo e CCN 51 – allowed the definition of some operational process boards. The multiplicity of solutions that can meet this problem, demanded the application of the concepts of Processes Engineering. In accordance with experimental results, cocoa pod husk presented range of high heat value, between 16.79 MJ/kg and 17.26 MJ/kg, indicating good potential for energy use. However, it also presented a range of ash content of between 8.36% and 9.63% and a range of water content between 81,94% and 83,20%, requiring operational modifications. In the Drying kinetics, the Overhultz model presented a higher value on the coefficient of determination (R2 ) and test-t. In step of the synthesis, the combination of different technologies of production resulted in 10.752 flowcharts plausible for each technological route studied. The heuristic search has allowed the determination of only a flowchart that maximizes the energy yield of each route as CMC – BPM – SRD – IE – CBE – LFDB – IE for direct combustion and CMC – BPM – SRD – IE – NC – LFD – IE for pyrolysis and gasification. Based on the flowcharts heuristic obtained, the application of the method evolutionary generated 25 neighbouring flowcharts for each technological route studied. This study allows the design of technologies for full exploitation of the fruit of the cocoa, by means of an innovative approach, contributing to the sustainable development of the chain of cocoa.