Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistema silvipastoril

• Autor(a) principal: Taufner, Gisela Azevedo
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5199
• topic: Soil degradation; Soil organic matter; Aggregate stability; Agroforestry; Matéria orgânica do solo; Sistemas agroflorestais; Degradação do solo; Agronomia; Sustentabilidade; Solos - Composição; Solos - Degradação; Biologia do solo; 63

Changes in physical and chemical soil attributes were assessed in a silvopastoral system over time, taken on a gradient away from the trees. The experiment was conducted from 03/2010 to 09/2012 at Embrapa South-East Cattle Research Center, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil (21° 57' 33" S; 47° 51' 06" W). The silvopastoral system was implanted in 2007 with the planting of native trees in a Brachiaria decumbens pasture in soil LVA and LV medium to evaluate the influence of the tree component in the physical and chemical soil under silvopastoral system. In about eight hectares, the trees were planted in strips spaced 17 m in pastures with electric fence protection . Sampling was made in 4 different points regarding the distances from the row of trees: 0.0m; 2 m; 4.75 m; 8.5 m; at 3 depths: 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-40 cm; with 4 and 5 replications to physical and chemical attributes respectively. From physical attributes were determined: soil density, macro and micro porosity, aggregate stability and soil resistance to penetration at 0-20 and 20-40 cm. For chemical attributes were determined pH and levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, organic matter (OM), potential acidity (H + Al), exchangeable aluminum (Al), cation exchange capacity, sulfur (S), base saturation and aluminum saturation. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean treatment were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For the physical attributes significant differences were found for all assessed characteristics related with depth, being observed significant increase of organic matter to the system, favoring aggregation and soil structure at depth of 0-10 cm. The chemical attributes that XIV express improvement of soil fertility were higher at a depth of 0-10 cm and were not benefited by the presence of trees. There was an increase of the value from the first to the second year of assessment. Assessments are needed over time to monitor these attributes, it is expected that with the system stabilization it is possible to achieve conclusive results about the influence of afforestation in silvopastoral systems.