Begomovírus em áreas de cerrado: de plantas herbáceas cultivadas a arbóreas selvagens

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Geisiane Alves
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7008
• topic: Fitovírus; Extração de RNA; Detecção molecular; Geminivírus; Plant virus; Geminivirus; RNA extraction; Molecular detection; FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

To understand how new viruses arise in agriculture, the interface zones between native systems and cultivated areas become an interesting object of study. The small number of studies focused on the detection of viruses, mainly with RNA genomes, in cerrado tree species in the interface zones is due to the difficulty of extracting quality nucleic acids for the necessary analysis. In the case of DNA viruses, such as begomovirus, to date there have been no reports on tree species in this type of vegetation. Begomovirus are among the main pathogens in different cultures in Brazil. However, in soybeans, one of the main crops in the country, these viruses are not among the most important pathogens for the culture, however, it is of great importance to identify different hosts of these viruses and in which environments they occur to know their diversity. The objective of this study was to detect and identify begomovirus in cerrado native trees and cultivated soybean plants near native vegetation areas, as well as to establish an efficient RNA extraction protocol for cerrado species in order to facilitate future related research with these plants. For begomovirus detection, samples of 30 tree species were collected from two areas of cerrado, in soybean the sampling was carried out in three areas of the Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Regional Goiânia - planted with different cultivars. For all samples, DNA extraction was performed using a modified CTAB method and the detection was done by means of PCR using primers PAL1v1978 and PAR1c496. For the extraction of RNA, four methods were tested for Xylopia aromatica and Piper arboreum: TRIzol® reagent (method 1), TRIzol® reagent with modifications (method 2) and two methods using CTAB buffer (methods 3 and 4) that present differences in buffers composition in each method. The one that presented the best results was tested to obtain purified RNA of five cerrado tree species. Method 4 was chosen because of its best absorbance ratio (A260 / A280) when compared to the other methods. The RT-PCR of the RNA extracted from five species of cerrado areas showed good results after RNA extraction performed by method 4, qualifying this method as appropriate to obtain quality RNA for the molecular analysis of cerrado species. In the detection of begomovirus in 30 tree species of the cerrado, only Cardiopetalum calophyllum was positive. This is the first report of begomovirus in Brazilian cerrado tree species. The presence of two begomovirus species, Sida micrantha mosaic virus (SimMV) and Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), were detected in one of the areas in the soybean sampled in the areas of the Escola de Agronomia. The ToSRV species was not previously reported in soybean and presents great potential to become an important pathogen for this crop and also for uncultivated plants, since this virus causes great losses in other crops, mainly tomato, and it has been demonstrated that its host range has increased in recent years.