Fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae)

• Autor(a) principal: Paula, Joelma Abadia Marciano de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4339
• topic: Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus; Variabilidade infraespecífica; Fitoquímica; Atividade antimicrobiana; Atividade analgésica; Infraspecific variability; Phytochemistry; Antimicrobial activity; Antinociceptive activity; MORFOLOGIA::CITOLOGIA E BIOLOGIA CELULAR

The purpose of this work is to carry out the phytochemical study and evaluate biological activities of the essential oil and extracts of the Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae) leaves. Chapter 1 provides a review of the main botanical aspects of the genus Pimenta, its chemical composition and pharmacological potential. Chapter 2 describes the occurrence of infraspecific variability in P. pseudocaryophyllus. For this the essential oils from 12 specimens of P. pseudocaryophyllus that occur naturally in three different locations of the Brazilian Cerrado underwent a qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The multivariate statistical analysis identified three chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus, characterized by the predominance of citral, (E)-caryophyllene and (E)-methyl isoeugenol constituents. Chapter 3 presents the phytochemical assessment of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from the crude ethanol extract of P. pseudocaryophyllus leaves. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric (1H and 13C) methods enabled the isolation and identification of lupeol, α-and -amyrin, oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acids, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, afzelin, avicularin, guaijaverin, catechin, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Chapter 4 assesses the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts, fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous), essential oils and isolated compounds of citral (CQ) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (MQ) chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus. The broth microdilution test was applied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against strains of Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, and of Candida and Cryptococcus spp fungi. The CQ and MQ dichloromethane fraction, CQ ethyl acetate fraction, and CQ essential oil were the most active (MIC = 62.5 to 500 mg / mL) against Gram(+). The oleanolic acid proved to also be responsible for this action. The CQ and MQ extracts of P. pseudocaryophyllus were active (MIC = 7.8 to 500 mg / mL) against most strains of Candida spp and Cryptococcus spp, where gallic acid, ellagic acid and quercitrin contributed to this action. The data obtained indicate the antimicrobial potential of CQ and MQ P. pseudocaryophyllus against some infectious diseases. Chapter 5 describes the antinociceptive activity, in mice, of CQ and MQ ethanol extracts, CQ fractions and CQ essential oil, and the anti-inflammatory activity of CQ crude ethanol extract of P. pseudocaryophyllus. The abdominal writhing test induced by intraperitoneal administration (ip) of acetic acid (1.2% v / v) and the ear edema test induced by croton oil (2.5% V/V) were performed. The CQ crude ethanol extract (2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, po) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. Among the fractions, only the aqueous fraction was not active. The CQ essential oil (60, 200 and 600 mg / kg, po) presented significant antinociceptive activity, probably because of its high citral concentration. Pretreatment with CQ crude ethanol extract (2000, 1000 and 500 mg / kg) reduced edema by 14.3 ± 0.4 mg (control) to 10.9 ± 0.5, 11.3 ± 0, 4, 10.5 ± 0.5 mg, respectively. The analgesic effect may be related to an anti-inflammatory action observed in the ear edema test.