Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA |
Texto Completo: | https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/4594 |
Resumo: | The development of new packaging concepts for the food industry – such as packaging made of biopolymers to replace conventional synthetic materials – is currently growing to meet the demand for food conservation with reduced environmental impact and with mechanical and barrier properties similar to the usual ones. Given this scenario, our work aimed to develop and characterize polymer films spiked with bee pollen for use in food packaging. In our research, we realized a study of the Tubi bee pollen. Due to the lack of information regarding the subject, we performed the characterization of this product, which presented an acceptable physicochemical and nutritional quality, with an average energy value of 388.62 kcal/100g. The Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) exhibited molecular vibrations related to the key major constituents such as carbohydrates (sugars), lipids, and proteins. In our work, we used an experimental design of mixtures with fourteen tests. In these tests, we analyzed the independent variables (alginate, pectin, and starch concentrations) based on subjective aspects, and the characteristics of moisture (ω), thickness (δ), water solubility (S), and water vapor permeability (WVP). Concentrations of 10g of pollen, 3 ml of glycerol, and 30 ml of 1m calcium chloride were established for all tests. We selected the optimized films based on the best results for homogeneity, continuity, transparency, and flexibility, along with the lowest value of ω, δ, S and WVP. After this assessment, we selected five tests: G4 (1/3g alginate + 2/3g pectin), G6 (1/3g pectin + 2/3g starch), G7 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin), G8 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g starch) e G10 (1/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin + 1/3g starch), which were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. The results show that the G6 film presented the best tensile strength (2.83 MPa) but also the lowest elongation at break value (4.05%), showing itself to be more rigid, while the G8 film achieved a better elongation (9.60%). Young’s modulus of elasticity ranged from 35.05 to 137.06 MPa. By analyzing the SEM of the cross-section of the films, it was possible to visualize the presence of pollen granules that interfered with the homogeneity of the films, forming disordered matrices. In the optical microscopies, the presence of pollen granules is evident, corroborating what was obtained in the SEM. Based on the FTIR results, we could see that the combination of polymers and pollen to form the films did not result in significant changes in the spectrum bands. With the X-ray diffractogram, we could observe that the selected films have an amorphous characteristic and a crystallinity index ranging from 6.74% to 14.09%. As for the thermogravimetric analysis, three events of mass loss were identified. In the event I, all the films presented a loss of mass – due to the evaporation of the absorbed water. In films with starch in their composition (G6, G8, and G10), two peaks of maximum temperature of mass loss took place. Therefore, the characteristics observed in the selected films are promising for their use as food packaging, but more tests need to be performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and microbiological activity. |
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COSTA, Maria Célia Pireshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4515777673951926SANTANA, Audirene Amorimhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7431678688628387COSTA, Maria Célia Pireshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4515777673951926SERRA, Josilene Limahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8413662880147518FIRMO, Wellyson da Cunha Araújohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2261911621272178PAIXÃO, Louryval Coelhohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8697027182338512BORGES, Antonio Carlos Romãohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4315209704773266http://lattes.cnpq.br/1042309824019032BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva2023-03-17T12:49:42Z2023-02-13BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva. Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos. 2023. 91 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia/CCBS) - Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís .https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/4594The development of new packaging concepts for the food industry – such as packaging made of biopolymers to replace conventional synthetic materials – is currently growing to meet the demand for food conservation with reduced environmental impact and with mechanical and barrier properties similar to the usual ones. Given this scenario, our work aimed to develop and characterize polymer films spiked with bee pollen for use in food packaging. In our research, we realized a study of the Tubi bee pollen. Due to the lack of information regarding the subject, we performed the characterization of this product, which presented an acceptable physicochemical and nutritional quality, with an average energy value of 388.62 kcal/100g. The Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) exhibited molecular vibrations related to the key major constituents such as carbohydrates (sugars), lipids, and proteins. In our work, we used an experimental design of mixtures with fourteen tests. In these tests, we analyzed the independent variables (alginate, pectin, and starch concentrations) based on subjective aspects, and the characteristics of moisture (ω), thickness (δ), water solubility (S), and water vapor permeability (WVP). Concentrations of 10g of pollen, 3 ml of glycerol, and 30 ml of 1m calcium chloride were established for all tests. We selected the optimized films based on the best results for homogeneity, continuity, transparency, and flexibility, along with the lowest value of ω, δ, S and WVP. After this assessment, we selected five tests: G4 (1/3g alginate + 2/3g pectin), G6 (1/3g pectin + 2/3g starch), G7 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin), G8 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g starch) e G10 (1/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin + 1/3g starch), which were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. The results show that the G6 film presented the best tensile strength (2.83 MPa) but also the lowest elongation at break value (4.05%), showing itself to be more rigid, while the G8 film achieved a better elongation (9.60%). Young’s modulus of elasticity ranged from 35.05 to 137.06 MPa. By analyzing the SEM of the cross-section of the films, it was possible to visualize the presence of pollen granules that interfered with the homogeneity of the films, forming disordered matrices. In the optical microscopies, the presence of pollen granules is evident, corroborating what was obtained in the SEM. Based on the FTIR results, we could see that the combination of polymers and pollen to form the films did not result in significant changes in the spectrum bands. With the X-ray diffractogram, we could observe that the selected films have an amorphous characteristic and a crystallinity index ranging from 6.74% to 14.09%. As for the thermogravimetric analysis, three events of mass loss were identified. In the event I, all the films presented a loss of mass – due to the evaporation of the absorbed water. In films with starch in their composition (G6, G8, and G10), two peaks of maximum temperature of mass loss took place. Therefore, the characteristics observed in the selected films are promising for their use as food packaging, but more tests need to be performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and microbiological activity.O desenvolvimento de novos conceitos de embalagens para a indústria alimentícia, como embalagens elaboradas de biopolímeros em substituição aos materiais sintéticos convencionais, vem crescendo atualmente para atender à demanda de conservação de alimentos com reduzido impacto ambiental, e com propriedades mecânicas e de barreira semelhantes às tradicionais. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho visa desenvolver filmes poliméricos incorporados com pólen apícola para o uso em embalagem de alimentos. Devido à escassez de informações sobre o produto incorporado ao filme, realizou-se a caracterização do pólen da abelha Tubi, no qual foi possível observar uma qualidade físico-química e nutricional aceitável com valor energético médio de 388,62 kcal/100g. Os espectros de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) exibiram vibrações moleculares relacionadas às principais constituintes majoritárias, tais como carboidratos (açucares), lipídios, proteínas. Neste estudo foi utilizado o planejamento experimental de misturas, com 14 ensaios, analisando as variáveis independentes (concentrações de alginato, pectina e amido) sobre os aspectos subjetivos e as características de umidade (ω), espessura (δ), solubilidade em água (S) e permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA). Foram fixadas concentrações de 10g de pólen, 3mL de glicerol e 30mL de cloreto de cálcio dihidratado a 1%, em todos os ensaios. Os filmes foram selecionados com base nos melhores resultados de homogeneidade, continuidade, transparência, flexibilidade, considerando também os menores valores de ω, δ, S e PVA. A partir desta avaliação, cinco filmes: G4 (1/3g de alginato + 2/3g de pectina), G6 (1/3g de pectina + 2/3g de amido), G7 (2/3g de alginato + 1/3g de pectina), G8 (2/3g de alginato + 1/3g de amido) e G10 (1/3g de alginato + 1/3g de pectina + 1/3g de amido) foram selecionados e caracterizados quanto às propriedades mecânicas, espectroscopia no FTIR, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia óptica. Os resultados mostraram que o filme G6 apresentou melhor resultado de tensão de ruptura (2,83 Mpa), porém, obteve o menor valor de alongamento de ruptura (4,05%) mostrando ser mais rígido; em contrapartida, o filme G8 alcançou melhor elongação (9,60%). O módulo de Young variou de 35,05 a 137,06 MPa. Analisando o MEV da seção transversal dos filmes, é possível visualizar a presença de grânulos do pólen que interferiu na homogeneidade dos filmes, formando matrizes desordenadas. Nas microscopias ópticas é notório a presença dos grânulos de pólen, corroborando com o obtido no MEV. A partir dos resultados de FTIR, observou-se que a combinação dos polímeros e pólen para a formação dos filmes não resultou em mudanças significativas nas bandas dos espectros. Com o difratograma de raios X, observou-se que os filmes selecionados possuem característica amorfa e índice de cristalinidade que varia entre 6,74% e 14,09%. Quanto à análise termogravimétrica, identificou-se três eventos de perda de massa, nos quais todos os filmes apresentaram perda de massa no evento I – referente a evaporação da água absorvida. Nos filmes com amido na composição (G6, G8 e G10), notou- se a presença de dois picos de temperatura máxima de perda de massa. Dessa forma, as características observadas nos filmes selecionados são promissoras para a sua utilização como embalagem de alimentos, porém, mais testes precisam ser realizados para se avaliar o potencial antioxidante e a atividade microbiológica.Submitted by Jonathan Sousa de Almeida (jonathan.sousa@ufma.br) on 2023-03-17T12:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdf: 635814 bytes, checksum: fc70be8ffd9309d4e14f61c85bcd2f77 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2023-03-17T12:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdf: 635814 bytes, checksum: fc70be8ffd9309d4e14f61c85bcd2f77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023-02-13CNPqapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal do MaranhãoPROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOTECNOLOGIA - RENORBIO/CCBSUFMABrasilDEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA/CCETBiopolímeros;embalagem ativa;filmes;pólen.Biopolymers;active packaging;films;pollen.Engenharia de AlimentosProdução de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentosProduction of biodegradable and edible polymeric films from bee pollen for application in the food industryDocumento sob sigilo. Prazo provável para disponibilização total: 13/02/2024. Motivo do sigilo: Solicitação de patenteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMAinstname:Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA)instacron:UFMAORIGINALGABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdfGABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdfapplication/pdf635814http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/bitstream/tede/4594/2/GABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdffc70be8ffd9309d4e14f61c85bcd2f77MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82255http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/bitstream/tede/4594/1/license.txt97eeade1fce43278e63fe063657f8083MD51tede/45942023-03-17 13:36:54.109oai:tede2: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/PUBhttp://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/oai/requestrepositorio@ufma.br||repositorio@ufma.bropendoar:21312023-03-17T16:36:54Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA - Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Production of biodegradable and edible polymeric films from bee pollen for application in the food industry |
title |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
spellingShingle |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva Biopolímeros; embalagem ativa; filmes; pólen. Biopolymers; active packaging; films; pollen. Engenharia de Alimentos |
title_short |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
title_full |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
title_fullStr |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
title_sort |
Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos |
author |
BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva |
author_facet |
BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
COSTA, Maria Célia Pires |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4515777673951926 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
SANTANA, Audirene Amorim |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431678688628387 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
COSTA, Maria Célia Pires |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4515777673951926 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
SERRA, Josilene Lima |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8413662880147518 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
FIRMO, Wellyson da Cunha Araújo |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2261911621272178 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
PAIXÃO, Louryval Coelho |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8697027182338512 |
dc.contributor.referee5.fl_str_mv |
BORGES, Antonio Carlos Romão |
dc.contributor.referee5Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4315209704773266 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1042309824019032 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva |
contributor_str_mv |
COSTA, Maria Célia Pires SANTANA, Audirene Amorim COSTA, Maria Célia Pires SERRA, Josilene Lima FIRMO, Wellyson da Cunha Araújo PAIXÃO, Louryval Coelho BORGES, Antonio Carlos Romão |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Biopolímeros; embalagem ativa; filmes; pólen. |
topic |
Biopolímeros; embalagem ativa; filmes; pólen. Biopolymers; active packaging; films; pollen. Engenharia de Alimentos |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Biopolymers; active packaging; films; pollen. |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia de Alimentos |
description |
The development of new packaging concepts for the food industry – such as packaging made of biopolymers to replace conventional synthetic materials – is currently growing to meet the demand for food conservation with reduced environmental impact and with mechanical and barrier properties similar to the usual ones. Given this scenario, our work aimed to develop and characterize polymer films spiked with bee pollen for use in food packaging. In our research, we realized a study of the Tubi bee pollen. Due to the lack of information regarding the subject, we performed the characterization of this product, which presented an acceptable physicochemical and nutritional quality, with an average energy value of 388.62 kcal/100g. The Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) exhibited molecular vibrations related to the key major constituents such as carbohydrates (sugars), lipids, and proteins. In our work, we used an experimental design of mixtures with fourteen tests. In these tests, we analyzed the independent variables (alginate, pectin, and starch concentrations) based on subjective aspects, and the characteristics of moisture (ω), thickness (δ), water solubility (S), and water vapor permeability (WVP). Concentrations of 10g of pollen, 3 ml of glycerol, and 30 ml of 1m calcium chloride were established for all tests. We selected the optimized films based on the best results for homogeneity, continuity, transparency, and flexibility, along with the lowest value of ω, δ, S and WVP. After this assessment, we selected five tests: G4 (1/3g alginate + 2/3g pectin), G6 (1/3g pectin + 2/3g starch), G7 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin), G8 (2/3g alginate + 1/3g starch) e G10 (1/3g alginate + 1/3g pectin + 1/3g starch), which were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. The results show that the G6 film presented the best tensile strength (2.83 MPa) but also the lowest elongation at break value (4.05%), showing itself to be more rigid, while the G8 film achieved a better elongation (9.60%). Young’s modulus of elasticity ranged from 35.05 to 137.06 MPa. By analyzing the SEM of the cross-section of the films, it was possible to visualize the presence of pollen granules that interfered with the homogeneity of the films, forming disordered matrices. In the optical microscopies, the presence of pollen granules is evident, corroborating what was obtained in the SEM. Based on the FTIR results, we could see that the combination of polymers and pollen to form the films did not result in significant changes in the spectrum bands. With the X-ray diffractogram, we could observe that the selected films have an amorphous characteristic and a crystallinity index ranging from 6.74% to 14.09%. As for the thermogravimetric analysis, three events of mass loss were identified. In the event I, all the films presented a loss of mass – due to the evaporation of the absorbed water. In films with starch in their composition (G6, G8, and G10), two peaks of maximum temperature of mass loss took place. Therefore, the characteristics observed in the selected films are promising for their use as food packaging, but more tests need to be performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and microbiological activity. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-03-17T12:49:42Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-13 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
Documento sob sigilo. Prazo provável para disponibilização total: 13/02/2024. Motivo do sigilo: Solicitação de patente info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva. Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos. 2023. 91 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia/CCBS) - Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís . |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/4594 |
identifier_str_mv |
BRASIL, Gabrielle Vieira da Silva. Produção de filmes poliméricos biodegradáveis e comestíveis a partir de pólen apícola para aplicação na indústria de alimentos. 2023. 91 f. Tese (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia/CCBS) - Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís . |
url |
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/4594 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal do Maranhão |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOTECNOLOGIA - RENORBIO/CCBS |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFMA |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA/CCET |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal do Maranhão |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA instname:Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) instacron:UFMA |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) |
instacron_str |
UFMA |
institution |
UFMA |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/bitstream/tede/4594/2/GABRIELLEVIEIRADASILVABRASIL.pdf http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/bitstream/tede/4594/1/license.txt |
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fc70be8ffd9309d4e14f61c85bcd2f77 97eeade1fce43278e63fe063657f8083 |
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MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA - Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@ufma.br||repositorio@ufma.br |
_version_ |
1809926212465721344 |