Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/652 |
Resumo: | The political and legal philosophy of early modern period was dominated by contractarian natural law theory, which in its most relevant philosophical forms implied the abandonment of some dominant ideas in the medieval Aristotelianism. In this paradigm shift, not only the content of the ideas, but also the methods applied in the political thinking have played an important role. We analyze some questions concerning the nature of contractarian political thought in its relation to the philosophical and scientific culture that emerged with the Renaissance and try to explain the nature of some of its limitations, as well as the reasons of its decline in the early 19th Century, during the emergence of political and legal historicism. The method we chose is the comparison of the contractarian natural law theory to the currents of thought it confronted and was confronted by, in order to highlight some of its characteristics that were neglected by other commentators. In so doing, we intend to contribute to deepen the understanding of this current of philosophical-political-legal thought that informed the first declarations of human rights, the first constitutionalism and, later and indirectly, also private law through the doctrine of personality rights. |
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Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern PeriodA razão contra a História: pressupostos do Direito Natural Contratualista na ModernidadeThe political and legal philosophy of early modern period was dominated by contractarian natural law theory, which in its most relevant philosophical forms implied the abandonment of some dominant ideas in the medieval Aristotelianism. In this paradigm shift, not only the content of the ideas, but also the methods applied in the political thinking have played an important role. We analyze some questions concerning the nature of contractarian political thought in its relation to the philosophical and scientific culture that emerged with the Renaissance and try to explain the nature of some of its limitations, as well as the reasons of its decline in the early 19th Century, during the emergence of political and legal historicism. The method we chose is the comparison of the contractarian natural law theory to the currents of thought it confronted and was confronted by, in order to highlight some of its characteristics that were neglected by other commentators. In so doing, we intend to contribute to deepen the understanding of this current of philosophical-political-legal thought that informed the first declarations of human rights, the first constitutionalism and, later and indirectly, also private law through the doctrine of personality rights.CONTEXTO: O pensamento filosófico político e jurídico da primeira modernidade foi dominado pela teoria do direito natural contratualista, que veio a exercer significativa influência sobre as doutrinas jurídicas propriamente ditas, em especial sobre as declarações de direitos e sobre o nascente constitucionalismo, durante o ocaso do antigo regime. O impacto da doutrina do direito natural sobre aspectos do direito positivo continuaram a aflorar mesmo após os momentos fundacionais do direito ocidental moderno. Ela manifesta-se nas entrelinhas de outras tendências do direito, como a ascensão dos direitos da personalidade no segundo pós-guerra. Logo, a ideia de direitos que emanam diretamente da condição de pessoa humana ecoa esquemas de pensamento e de compreensão do fenômeno jurídico inaugurados pelas escolas do direito natural. OBJETIVO: Almejamos discutir alguns aspectos das condicionantes do contratualismo históricas de forma a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma história das ideias políticas e jurídicas atenta não apenas à sua lógica interna, mas sobretudo aos complexos mecanismos pelos quais ela se relaciona com o mundo dos interesses materiais e dos conflitos políticos e sociais concretos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: análise qualitativa de conteúdo comparativa entre a literatura do direito natural e as correntes de pensamento contra as quais o direito natural contratualista se confrontou e foi confrontado. RESULTADOS: A interpretação filosófica dos desafios que a sociedade tinha diante de si dependia das características que a própria racionalidade moderna havia adquirido com o declínio da escolástica. Alguns autores buscam inspiração na matemática para inaugurar um tipo de argumentação que parte exclusivamente da perspectiva do indivíduo e deduz, formas de estado e governo como necessidade racional inscrita na psicologia humana. CONCLUSÕES: Essa abordagem fazia tábula rasa da história, pondo de lado o conjunto de vínculos sociais aos quais os indivíduos estão submetidos a despeito de sua vontade, em favor da construção de um modelo abstrato e trans-histórico de ser humano, sob o qual se erguerá um modelo também abstrato e pretensamente universal de direito e de estado. Apenas com o historicismo aquelas condicionantes da interação social voltariam a ser tematizadas, aposentando assim o modelo do contrato social e suas abstrações generalizantes para concentra-se sobre aquilo que se mostrava refratário ao racionalismo lógico-formal cartesiano dos modernos filósofos.RBEP2021-12-31info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/65210.9732/2021.v123.652Brazilian Journal of Political Studies; Vol. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-48Revista Brasileña de Estudios Políticos; Vol. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-48Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos; v. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-482359-57360034-7191reponame:Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online)instname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGporhttps://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/652/632Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessde Castro, Alexander2021-12-31T20:28:26Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/652Revistahttps://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/indexONGhttps://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/oairbep.ufmg@gmail.com || ati@direito.ufmg.br2359-57360034-7191opendoar:2021-12-31T20:28:26Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period A razão contra a História: pressupostos do Direito Natural Contratualista na Modernidade |
title |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
spellingShingle |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period de Castro, Alexander |
title_short |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
title_full |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
title_fullStr |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
title_sort |
Reason against history: presuppositions of Contractarian Natural Law in the Modern Period |
author |
de Castro, Alexander |
author_facet |
de Castro, Alexander |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
de Castro, Alexander |
description |
The political and legal philosophy of early modern period was dominated by contractarian natural law theory, which in its most relevant philosophical forms implied the abandonment of some dominant ideas in the medieval Aristotelianism. In this paradigm shift, not only the content of the ideas, but also the methods applied in the political thinking have played an important role. We analyze some questions concerning the nature of contractarian political thought in its relation to the philosophical and scientific culture that emerged with the Renaissance and try to explain the nature of some of its limitations, as well as the reasons of its decline in the early 19th Century, during the emergence of political and legal historicism. The method we chose is the comparison of the contractarian natural law theory to the currents of thought it confronted and was confronted by, in order to highlight some of its characteristics that were neglected by other commentators. In so doing, we intend to contribute to deepen the understanding of this current of philosophical-political-legal thought that informed the first declarations of human rights, the first constitutionalism and, later and indirectly, also private law through the doctrine of personality rights. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-31 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/652 10.9732/2021.v123.652 |
url |
https://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/652 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.9732/2021.v123.652 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://pos.direito.ufmg.br/rbep/index.php/rbep/article/view/652/632 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
RBEP |
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RBEP |
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Brazilian Journal of Political Studies; Vol. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-48 Revista Brasileña de Estudios Políticos; Vol. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-48 Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos; v. 123 (2021): RBEP 123; 15-48 2359-5736 0034-7191 reponame:Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) instname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) instacron:UFMG |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) |
instacron_str |
UFMG |
institution |
UFMG |
reponame_str |
Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) |
collection |
Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Estudos Políticos (Online) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) |
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rbep.ufmg@gmail.com || ati@direito.ufmg.br |
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