Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5 http://hdl.handle.net/1843/65841 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-575X |
Resumo: | Contexto: As estimativas populacionais sustentam a investigação demográfica e epidemiológica e são utilizadas para acompanhar o progresso em numerosos indicadores internacionais de saúde e desenvolvimento. Até à data, as estimativas de população e fertilidade disponíveis internacionalmente, embora úteis, não foram produzidas com métodos transparentes e replicáveis e não utilizam estimativas padronizadas de mortalidade. Apresentamos estimativas de fertilidade e população por sexo com um único ano civil e um único ano de idade com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Métodos: Estimamos a população em 195 locais por ano de idade e ano civil de 1950 a 2017 com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Baseámos as estimativas na equação de equilíbrio demográfico, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade, população e migração. Os dados de fertilidade vieram de 7.817 locais-anos de dados de registro vital, 429 pesquisas relatando históricos completos de nascimentos e 977 pesquisas e censos relatando históricos resumidos de nascimentos. Estimamos as taxas de fertilidade específicas por idade (ASFRs; o número anual de nascidos vivos de mulheres de uma faixa etária específica por 1.000 mulheres nessa faixa etária) usando a regressão do processo gaussiano espaço-temporal e usamos as ASFRs para estimar as taxas de fertilidade total (TFRs; o número médio de filhos que uma mulher teria se sobrevivesse até o final da idade reprodutiva [idade 10-54 anos] e experimentasse em cada idade um conjunto específico de ASFRs observados no ano de interesse). Devido à escassez de dados, a fertilidade nas idades de 10-14 anos e 50-54 anos foi estimada a partir de dados sobre fertilidade em mulheres de 15-19 anos e 45-49 anos, através da utilização de regressão linear. Os dados de mortalidade específicos por idade vieram das estimativas de 2017 do Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Os dados sobre a população vieram de 1.257 censos e 761 locais-anos de registro populacional e foram ajustados para subenumeração e declaração incorreta de idade com métodos demográficos padrão. A migração foi estimada com o modelo de equilíbrio demográfico Bayesiano do GBD, após incorporar informações sobre a migração de refugiados no modelo anterior. As estimativas finais da população utilizaram o método de componente de coorte de projecção populacional, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade e migração. A incerteza populacional foi estimada pelo uso de testes de validade preditiva fora da amostra. Com estes dados, estimámos as tendências da população por idade e sexo e da fertilidade por idade entre 1950 e 2017 em 195 países e territórios. Constatações: De 1950 a 2017, as TFT diminuíram 49,4% (intervalo de incerteza [UI] de 95% 46,4–52,0). A TFT diminuiu de 4,7 nascidos vivos (4,5–4,9) para 2,4 nascidos vivos (2,2–2,5), e a ASFR das mães com idade entre 10–19 anos diminuiu de 37 nascidos vivos (34–40 ) para 22 nascidos vivos (19–24) por 1.000 mulheres. Apesar das reduções na TFT, a população global tem aumentado em média 83,8 milhões de pessoas por ano desde 1985. A população global aumentou 197,2% (193,3–200,8) desde 1950, de 2,6 mil milhões (2,5–2,6) a 7,6 mil milhões (7,4–7,9) de pessoas em 2017; grande parte deste aumento ocorreu na proporção da população global no sul da Ásia e na África Subsaariana. A taxa anual global de crescimento populacional aumentou entre 1950 e 1964, quando atingiu o pico de 2,0%; esta taxa permaneceu quase constante até 1970 e depois diminuiu para 1,1% em 2017. As taxas de crescimento populacional no sudeste da Ásia, leste da Ásia e Oceania na super-região do GBD diminuíram de 2,5% em 1963 para 0,7% em 2017, enquanto na África Subsariana, as taxas de crescimento populacional estiveram quase nos níveis mais elevados registados de sempre em 2017, quando eram de 2,7%. A idade média global aumentou de 26,6 anos em 1950 para 32,1 anos em 2017, e a proporção da população em idade ativa (15-64 anos) aumentou de 59,9% para 65,3%. A nível nacional, a TFR diminuiu em todos os países e territórios entre 1950 e 2017; em 2017, as TFT variaram entre um mínimo de 1,0 nados vivos (95% UI 0,9–1,2) em Chipre e um máximo de 7,1 nados vivos (6,8–7,4) no Níger. A TFT com menos de 25 anos (TFU25; número de nascidos vivos esperados até os 25 anos para uma mulher hipotética que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFRs atuais) em 2017 variou de 0,08 nascidos vivos (0,07–0,09) na Coreia do Sul para 2,4 nados vivos (2,2–2,6) no Níger, e a TFT acima dos 30 anos (TFO30; número de nados vivos esperados para uma mulher hipotética com idade entre 30 e 54 anos que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFR actuais) variou entre um mínimo de 0,3 nados vivos (0,3–0,4) em Porto Rico e um máximo de 3,1 nados vivos (3,0–3,2) no Níger. O TFO30 foi superior ao TFU25 em 145 países e territórios em 2017. 33 países tiveram uma taxa de crescimento populacional negativa de 2010 a 2017, a maioria dos quais localizada na Europa Central, Oriental e Ocidental, enquanto taxas de crescimento populacional superiores a 2,0 % foram observadas em 33 dos 46 países da África Subsaariana. Em 2017, menos de 65% da população nacional estava em idade activa em 12 dos 34 países de rendimento elevado, e menos de 50% da população nacional estava em idade activa no Mali, no Chade e no Níger. Interpretação: As tendências populacionais criam dividendos demográficos e obstáculos (ou seja, benefícios e prejuízos económicos) que afectam as economias nacionais e determinam as necessidades de planeamento nacional. Embora as TFT estejam a diminuir, a população mundial continua a crescer à medida que a mortalidade diminui, com padrões diversos a nível nacional e entre grupos etários. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo a fornecer estimativas transparentes e replicáveis da população e da fertilidade, que podem ser utilizadas para informar a tomada de decisões e monitorizar o progresso. Financiamento: Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates. |
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Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017População e fertilidade por idade e sexo para 195 países e territórios, 1950–2017: uma análise sistemática para a Carga Global de Morbidade 2017PopulaçãoCoeficiente de natalidadeFertilidadeCarga global da doençaRegistros de mortalidadeContexto: As estimativas populacionais sustentam a investigação demográfica e epidemiológica e são utilizadas para acompanhar o progresso em numerosos indicadores internacionais de saúde e desenvolvimento. Até à data, as estimativas de população e fertilidade disponíveis internacionalmente, embora úteis, não foram produzidas com métodos transparentes e replicáveis e não utilizam estimativas padronizadas de mortalidade. Apresentamos estimativas de fertilidade e população por sexo com um único ano civil e um único ano de idade com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Métodos: Estimamos a população em 195 locais por ano de idade e ano civil de 1950 a 2017 com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Baseámos as estimativas na equação de equilíbrio demográfico, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade, população e migração. Os dados de fertilidade vieram de 7.817 locais-anos de dados de registro vital, 429 pesquisas relatando históricos completos de nascimentos e 977 pesquisas e censos relatando históricos resumidos de nascimentos. Estimamos as taxas de fertilidade específicas por idade (ASFRs; o número anual de nascidos vivos de mulheres de uma faixa etária específica por 1.000 mulheres nessa faixa etária) usando a regressão do processo gaussiano espaço-temporal e usamos as ASFRs para estimar as taxas de fertilidade total (TFRs; o número médio de filhos que uma mulher teria se sobrevivesse até o final da idade reprodutiva [idade 10-54 anos] e experimentasse em cada idade um conjunto específico de ASFRs observados no ano de interesse). Devido à escassez de dados, a fertilidade nas idades de 10-14 anos e 50-54 anos foi estimada a partir de dados sobre fertilidade em mulheres de 15-19 anos e 45-49 anos, através da utilização de regressão linear. Os dados de mortalidade específicos por idade vieram das estimativas de 2017 do Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Os dados sobre a população vieram de 1.257 censos e 761 locais-anos de registro populacional e foram ajustados para subenumeração e declaração incorreta de idade com métodos demográficos padrão. A migração foi estimada com o modelo de equilíbrio demográfico Bayesiano do GBD, após incorporar informações sobre a migração de refugiados no modelo anterior. As estimativas finais da população utilizaram o método de componente de coorte de projecção populacional, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade e migração. A incerteza populacional foi estimada pelo uso de testes de validade preditiva fora da amostra. Com estes dados, estimámos as tendências da população por idade e sexo e da fertilidade por idade entre 1950 e 2017 em 195 países e territórios. Constatações: De 1950 a 2017, as TFT diminuíram 49,4% (intervalo de incerteza [UI] de 95% 46,4–52,0). A TFT diminuiu de 4,7 nascidos vivos (4,5–4,9) para 2,4 nascidos vivos (2,2–2,5), e a ASFR das mães com idade entre 10–19 anos diminuiu de 37 nascidos vivos (34–40 ) para 22 nascidos vivos (19–24) por 1.000 mulheres. Apesar das reduções na TFT, a população global tem aumentado em média 83,8 milhões de pessoas por ano desde 1985. A população global aumentou 197,2% (193,3–200,8) desde 1950, de 2,6 mil milhões (2,5–2,6) a 7,6 mil milhões (7,4–7,9) de pessoas em 2017; grande parte deste aumento ocorreu na proporção da população global no sul da Ásia e na África Subsaariana. A taxa anual global de crescimento populacional aumentou entre 1950 e 1964, quando atingiu o pico de 2,0%; esta taxa permaneceu quase constante até 1970 e depois diminuiu para 1,1% em 2017. As taxas de crescimento populacional no sudeste da Ásia, leste da Ásia e Oceania na super-região do GBD diminuíram de 2,5% em 1963 para 0,7% em 2017, enquanto na África Subsariana, as taxas de crescimento populacional estiveram quase nos níveis mais elevados registados de sempre em 2017, quando eram de 2,7%. A idade média global aumentou de 26,6 anos em 1950 para 32,1 anos em 2017, e a proporção da população em idade ativa (15-64 anos) aumentou de 59,9% para 65,3%. A nível nacional, a TFR diminuiu em todos os países e territórios entre 1950 e 2017; em 2017, as TFT variaram entre um mínimo de 1,0 nados vivos (95% UI 0,9–1,2) em Chipre e um máximo de 7,1 nados vivos (6,8–7,4) no Níger. A TFT com menos de 25 anos (TFU25; número de nascidos vivos esperados até os 25 anos para uma mulher hipotética que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFRs atuais) em 2017 variou de 0,08 nascidos vivos (0,07–0,09) na Coreia do Sul para 2,4 nados vivos (2,2–2,6) no Níger, e a TFT acima dos 30 anos (TFO30; número de nados vivos esperados para uma mulher hipotética com idade entre 30 e 54 anos que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFR actuais) variou entre um mínimo de 0,3 nados vivos (0,3–0,4) em Porto Rico e um máximo de 3,1 nados vivos (3,0–3,2) no Níger. O TFO30 foi superior ao TFU25 em 145 países e territórios em 2017. 33 países tiveram uma taxa de crescimento populacional negativa de 2010 a 2017, a maioria dos quais localizada na Europa Central, Oriental e Ocidental, enquanto taxas de crescimento populacional superiores a 2,0 % foram observadas em 33 dos 46 países da África Subsaariana. Em 2017, menos de 65% da população nacional estava em idade activa em 12 dos 34 países de rendimento elevado, e menos de 50% da população nacional estava em idade activa no Mali, no Chade e no Níger. Interpretação: As tendências populacionais criam dividendos demográficos e obstáculos (ou seja, benefícios e prejuízos económicos) que afectam as economias nacionais e determinam as necessidades de planeamento nacional. Embora as TFT estejam a diminuir, a população mundial continua a crescer à medida que a mortalidade diminui, com padrões diversos a nível nacional e entre grupos etários. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo a fornecer estimativas transparentes e replicáveis da população e da fertilidade, que podem ser utilizadas para informar a tomada de decisões e monitorizar o progresso. Financiamento: Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates.Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrasilENF - DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRIÇÃOMED - DEPARTAMENTO DE CLÍNICA MÉDICAUFMG2024-03-14T14:30:56Z2024-03-14T14:30:56Z2018info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlepdfapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-51474-547Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/1843/65841https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-575XengThe LancetChristopher J. L. MurrayJemal AbdelaSuleman AtiqueMadhu Sudhan AtterayaMarcel AusloosEuripide F. G. A. AvokpahoAshish AwasthiBeatriz Paulina Ayala QuintanillaYohanes AyeleRakesh AyerTambe B. AyukPeter S. AzzopardiAhmed AbdelalimTesleem Kayode BabalolaArefeh BabazadehHamid BadaliAlaa BadawiAyele Geleto BaliMaciej BanachSuzanne Lyn Barker-colloTill Winfried BärnighausenLope H. BarreroHuda BasaleemOmar Abdel-RahmanQuique BassatArindam BasuBernhard T. BauneHabtamu Wondifraw BaynesEttore BeghiMasoud BehzadifarMeysam BehzadifarBayu Begashaw BekeleAbate Bekele BelachewAregawi Gebreyesus BelayAlireza AbdiEzra BelaySaba Abraham BelayYihalem Abebe BelayMichelle l. BellAminu K. BelloDerrick A. BennettIsabela M. BensenorGilles BergeronAdugnaw BerhaneAdam E. BermanNasrin AbdoliEduardo BernabeRobert S. BernsteinGregory J. BertolacciMircea BeuranSuraj BhattaraiSoumyadeep BhaumikZulfiqar A. BhuttaBelete BiadgoAli BijaniBoris BikbovIbrahim AbdollahpourNigus BililignMuhammad Shahdaat Bin SayeedSait Mentes BirlikCharles BirungiTuhin BiswasHailemichael BizunehArchie BleyerBerrak Bora BasaraCristina BosettiSoufiane BoufousRizwan Suliankatchi AbdulkaderOliver J. BradyNicola Luigi BragazziMichael BraininAlexandra BrazinovaNicholas J. K. BreitbordeHermann BrennerJerry D. BrewerPaul Svitil BriantGabrielle BrittonRoy BursteinHaftom Temesgen AbebeReinhard BusseZahid A. ButtLucero Cahuana-HurtadoIsmael R. Campos-NonatoJulio Cesar Campuzano RinconJorge CanoMate CarRosario CárdenasJuan J. CarreroFélix CarvalhoMolla AbebeCarlos a Castañeda-orjuelaJacqueline Castillo RivasFranz CastroFerrán Catalá-LópezAlanur ÇavlinEster CerinJulian ChalekHsing-yi ChangJung-chen ChangAparajita ChattopadhyayZegeye AbebePankaj ChaturvediPeggy Pei-chia ChiangKen Lee ChinVesper Hichilombwe ChisumpaAbdulaal ChitheerJee-young J. ChoiRajiv ChowdhuryDevasahayam J. ChristopherFlavia M. CicuttiniLiliana G. CiobanuCharlton S. K. H. CallenderTeshome Abuka AbeboMassimo CirilloRafael Moreira ClaroDaniel Collado-MateoMaria-Magdalena ConstantinSara ContiCyrus CooperLeslie Trumbull CooperLeslie CornabyPaolo Angelo CortesiMonica CortinovisAyenew Negesse AbejieMegan CostaElizabeth CromwellChristopher Stephen CrowePetra CukeljMatthew CunninghamAlemneh Kabeta DabaBerihun Assefa DachewLalit DandonaRakhi DandonaPaul I. DarganVictor AboyansAhmad DaryaniRajat Das GuptaJosé Das NevesTamirat Tesfaye DasaAditya Prasad DashNicole Davis WeaverDragos Virgil DavitoiuKairat DavletovDiego de LeoJan-Walter de NeveHaftom Niguse AbrahaMeaza Girma DegefaLouisa DegenhardtTizta Tilahun DegfieSelina DeiparineGebre Teklemariam DemozBalem DemtsuEdgar Denova-GutiérrezKebede DeribeNikolaos DervenisDon C. Des JarlaisDaisy Maria Xavier AbreuGetenet Ayalew DessieSamath D. DharmaratneMeghnath DhimalDaniel DickerEric L. DingGirmaye Deye DinsaShirin DjalaliniaHuyen Phuc DoKlara DokovaDavid Teye DokuAklilu Roba AbrhamKate A. DolanKerrie E. DoyleTim R. DriscollManisha DubeyEleonora DubljaninEyasu Ejeta DukenAndre R. DuraesSoheil EbrahimpourDavid EdvardssonCharbel el BcheraouiLaith Jamal Abu-RaddadZiad El-KhatibIqbal RF ElyazarAhmadali EnayatiAman Yesuf EndriesSergey Petrovich ErmakovBabak EshratiSharareh EskandariehReza EsmaeiliAlireza EsteghamatiSadaf EsteghamatiNiveen M. E. 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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 População e fertilidade por idade e sexo para 195 países e territórios, 1950–2017: uma análise sistemática para a Carga Global de Morbidade 2017 |
title |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
spellingShingle |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Christopher J. L. Murray População Coeficiente de natalidade Fertilidade Carga global da doença Registros de mortalidade |
title_short |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
title_full |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
title_fullStr |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
title_sort |
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
author |
Christopher J. L. Murray |
author_facet |
Christopher J. L. Murray Jemal Abdela Suleman Atique Madhu Sudhan Atteraya Marcel Ausloos Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho Ashish Awasthi Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla Yohanes Ayele Rakesh Ayer Tambe B. Ayuk Peter S. Azzopardi Ahmed Abdelalim Tesleem Kayode Babalola Arefeh Babazadeh Hamid Badali Alaa Badawi Ayele Geleto Bali Maciej Banach Suzanne Lyn Barker-collo Till Winfried Bärnighausen Lope H. Barrero Huda Basaleem Omar Abdel-Rahman Quique Bassat Arindam Basu Bernhard T. Baune Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes Ettore Beghi Masoud Behzadifar Meysam Behzadifar Bayu Begashaw Bekele Abate Bekele Belachew Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay Alireza Abdi Ezra Belay Saba Abraham Belay Yihalem Abebe Belay Michelle l. Bell Aminu K. Bello Derrick A. Bennett Isabela M. Bensenor Gilles Bergeron Adugnaw Berhane Adam E. Berman Nasrin Abdoli Eduardo Bernabe Robert S. Bernstein Gregory J. Bertolacci Mircea Beuran Suraj Bhattarai Soumyadeep Bhaumik Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Belete Biadgo Ali Bijani Boris Bikbov Ibrahim Abdollahpour Nigus Bililign Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed Sait Mentes Birlik Charles Birungi Tuhin Biswas Hailemichael Bizuneh Archie Bleyer Berrak Bora Basara Cristina Bosetti Soufiane Boufous Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader Oliver J. Brady Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Michael Brainin Alexandra Brazinova Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Hermann Brenner Jerry D. Brewer Paul Svitil Briant Gabrielle Britton Roy Burstein Haftom Temesgen Abebe Reinhard Busse Zahid A. Butt Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado Ismael R. Campos-Nonato Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon Jorge Cano Mate Car Rosario Cárdenas Juan J. Carrero Félix Carvalho Molla Abebe Carlos a Castañeda-orjuela Jacqueline Castillo Rivas Franz Castro Ferrán Catalá-López Alanur Çavlin Ester Cerin Julian Chalek Hsing-yi Chang Jung-chen Chang Aparajita Chattopadhyay Zegeye Abebe Pankaj Chaturvedi Peggy Pei-chia Chiang Ken Lee Chin Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa Abdulaal Chitheer Jee-young J. Choi Rajiv Chowdhury Devasahayam J. Christopher Flavia M. Cicuttini Liliana G. Ciobanu Charlton S. K. H. Callender Teshome Abuka Abebo Massimo Cirillo Rafael Moreira Claro Daniel Collado-Mateo Maria-Magdalena Constantin Sara Conti Cyrus Cooper Leslie Trumbull Cooper Leslie Cornaby Paolo Angelo Cortesi Monica Cortinovis Ayenew Negesse Abejie Megan Costa Elizabeth Cromwell Christopher Stephen Crowe Petra Cukelj Matthew Cunningham Alemneh Kabeta Daba Berihun Assefa Dachew Lalit Dandona Rakhi Dandona Paul I. Dargan Victor Aboyans Ahmad Daryani Rajat Das Gupta José Das Neves Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa Aditya Prasad Dash Nicole Davis Weaver Dragos Virgil Davitoiu Kairat Davletov Diego de Leo Jan-Walter de Neve Haftom Niguse Abraha Meaza Girma Degefa Louisa Degenhardt Tizta Tilahun Degfie Selina Deiparine Gebre Teklemariam Demoz Balem Demtsu Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez Kebede Deribe Nikolaos Dervenis Don C. Des Jarlais Daisy Maria Xavier Abreu Getenet Ayalew Dessie Samath D. Dharmaratne Meghnath Dhimal Daniel Dicker Eric L. Ding Girmaye Deye Dinsa Shirin Djalalinia Huyen Phuc Do Klara Dokova David Teye Doku Aklilu Roba Abrham Kate A. Dolan Kerrie E. Doyle Tim R. Driscoll Manisha Dubey Eleonora Dubljanin Eyasu Ejeta Duken Andre R. Duraes Soheil Ebrahimpour David Edvardsson Charbel el Bcheraoui Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad Ziad El-Khatib Iqbal RF Elyazar Ahmadali Enayati Aman Yesuf Endries Sergey Petrovich Ermakov Babak Eshrati Sharareh Eskandarieh Reza Esmaeili Alireza Esteghamati Sadaf Esteghamati Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh Kara Estep Hamed Fakhim Tamer Farag Mahbobeh Faramarzi Mohammad Fareed Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha Andre Faro Maryam S. Farvid Farshad Farzadfar Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Kairsten A. Fay Mir Sohail Fazeli Valery L. Feigin Andrea B. Feigl Fariba Feizy Ama P. Fenny Netsanet Fentahun Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad Eduarda Fernandes Garumma Tolu Feyissa Pawan Acharya Irina Filip Samuel Finegold Florian Fischer Luisa Sorio Flor Nataliya A. Foigt Kyle J. Foreman Carla Fornari Thomas Fürst Takeshi Fukumoto John E. Fuller Xie Rachel Kulikoff Abdu A. Adamu Nancy Fullman Emmanuela Gakidou Silvano Gallus Amiran Gamkrelidze Morsaleh Ganji Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe Gregory m Garcia Miguel À. Garcia-Gordillo Abadi Kahsu Gebre Teshome Gebre Oladimeji M. Adebayo Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Tilayie Feto Gelano Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw Johanna M. Geleijnse Ricard Genova-Maleras Peter Gething Kebede Embaye Gezae Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji Reza Ghadimi Keyghobad Ghadiri Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani Maryam Ghasemi-kasman Hesam Ghiasvand Mamata Ghimire Aloke Gopal Ghoshal Paramjit Singh Gill Tiffany K. Gill Giorgia Giussani Victor Adekanmbi Elena V. Gnedovskaya Srinivas Goli Ricardo Santiago Gomez Hector Gómez-Dantés Philimon N. Gona Amador Goodridge Sameer Vali Gopalani Alessandra C. Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart Ayman Grada Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Giuseppe Grosso Harish Chander C. Gugnani Jingwen Guo Yuming Guo Prakash C. Gupta Rahul Gupta Rajeev Gupta Tanush Gupta Juanita A. Haagsma Vladimir Hachinski Beyene Meressa Adhena Nima Hafezi-Nejad Tekleberhan B. Hagos Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis Gessessew Bugssa Hailu Arvin Haj-Mirzaian Arya Haj-Mirzaian Randah R. Hamadeh Samer Hamidi Alexis J. Handal Graeme J. Hankey Tara Ballav Adhikari Yuantao Hao Hilda L. Harb Hamidreza Haririan Josep Maria Haro Mehedi Hasan Hadi Hassankhani Hamid Yimam Hassen Rasmus Havmoeller Simon I. Hay Yihua He Mina G. Adib Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran Mohamed I. Hegazy Behzad Heibati Behnam Heidari Delia Hendrie Andualem Henok Nathaniel J. Henry Claudiu Herteliu Fatemeh Heydarpour Desalegn T. Hibstu Arsène Kouablan Adou Michael K. Hole Enayatollah Homaie Rad Praveen Hoogar H. Dean Hosgood Seyed Mostafa Hosseini Meimanat m Hosseini Chavoshi Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Mihaela Hostiuc Sorin Hostiuc Mohamed Hsairi Jose C. Adsuar Thomas Hsiao Guoqing hu John J. Huang Kim Moesgaard Iburg Ehimario U. Igumbor Chad Thomas Ikeda Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Usman Iqbal Asnake Ararsa Irenso Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani Vinay Srinivasan Mohsen Afarideh Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam Leila Jahangiry Nader Jahanmehr Sudhir Kumar Jain Mihajlo Jakovljevic Moti Tolera Jalu Spencer L. James Simerjot K. Jassal Mehdi Javanbakht Ashkan Afshin Achala Upendra Jayatilleke Panniyammakal Jeemon Ravi Prakash Jha Vivekanand Jha John S. Ji Jost B. Jonas Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak Suresh Banayya Jungari Mikk Jürisson Zubair Kabir Gina Agarwal Rajendra Kadel Amaha Kahsay Rizwan Kalani Umesh Kapil Manoochehr Karami Behzad Karami Matin André Karch Corine Karema Seyed M. Karimi Amir Kasaeian Kareha M. Agesa Dessalegn H. Kassa Getachew Mullu Kassa Tesfaye Dessale Kassa Zemenu Yohannes Kassa Nicholas J. Kassebaum Anshul Kastor Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Anil Kaul Norito Kawakami Ali Kazemi Karyani Sargis Aghasi Aghayan Seifu Kebede Peter Njenga Keiyoro Grant Rodgers Kemp Andre Pascal Kengne Andre Keren Maia Kereselidze Yousef Saleh Khader Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie Alireza Khajavi Nauman Khalid Sutapa Agrawal Ibrahim a Khalil Ejaz Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahzeb Khan Young-ho Khang Tripti Khanna Mona M. Khater Alireza Khatony Zahra Khazaeipour Habibolah Khazaie Abdullah T. Khoja Alireza Ahmadi Ardeshir Khosravi Mohammad Hossein Khosravi Getiye D. Kibret Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam Daniel N. Kiirithio Paul Evan Kilgore Daniel Kim Jun Y. Kim Young-eun Kim Yun Jin Kim Mehdi Ahmadi Ruth W. Kimokoti Yohannes Kinfu Sanjay Kinra Adnan Kisa Mika Kivimäki Sonali Kochhar Yoshihiro Kokubo Tufa Kolola Jacek A. Kopec Margaret N. Kosek Muktar Beshir Ahmed Soewarta Kosen Parvaiz A. Koul Ai Koyanagi Kewal Krishan Sanjay Krishnaswami Kristopher J. Krohn Barthelemy Kuate Defo Burcu Kucuk Bicer G. Anil Kumar Manasi Kumar Sayem Ahmed Pushpendra Kumar Fekede Asefa Kumsa Michael J. Kutz Sheetal D. Lad Alessandra Lafranconi Dharmesh Kumar Lal Ratilal Lalloo Hilton Lam Faris Hasan Lami Justin J. Lang Degu Abate Amani Nidhal Aichour Sonia Lanksy Van C. Lansingh Dennis Odai Laryea Zohra S. Lassi Arman Latifi Avula Laxmaiah Jeffrey V. Lazarus James B. Lee Paul H. Lee James Leigh Ibtihel Aichour Cheru Tesema Leshargie Samson Leta Miriam Levi Shanshan Li Xiaohong Li Yichong Li Juan Liang Xiaofeng Liang Misgan Legesse Liben Lee-ling Lim Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour Miteku Andualem Limenih Shai Linn Shiwei Liu Stefan Lorkowski Paulo A. Lotufo Rafael Lozano Raimundas Lunevicius Crispin Mabika Mabika Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan Mark T. Mackay Ali S. Akanda Fabiana Madotto Tarek Abd Elaziz Mahmood Narayan Bahadur Mahotra Marek Majdan Reza Majdzadeh Azeem Majeed Reza Malekzadeh Manzoor Ahmad Malik Abdullah A. Mamun Wondimu Ayele Manamo Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Ana-Laura Manda Srikanth Mangalam Mohammad Ali Mansournia Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani Chabila Christopher Mapoma Dadi Marami Joemer C. Maravilla Wagner Marcenes Shakhnazarova Marina Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-melo Mohammed Akibu Winfried März Melvin B. Marzan Tivani Phosa Mashamba-thompson Felix Masiye Amanda J. Mason-jones Benjamin Ballard Massenburg Manu Raj Mathur Pallab K. Maulik Mohsen Mazidi John J. Mcgrath Rufus Olusola Akinyemi Suresh Mehata Sanjay Madhav Mehendale Man Mohan Mehndiratta Ravi Mehrotra Saeed Mehrzadi Kala M. Mehta Varshil Mehta Tefera C. Mekonnen Hagazi Gebre Meles Kidanu Gebremariam Meles Tomi Akinyemiju Addisu Melese Mulugeta Melku Peter T. N. Memiah Ziad A. Memish Walter Mendoza Melkamu Merid Mengesha Desalegn Tadese Mengistu Getnet Mengistu George A. Mensah Seid Tiku Mereta Nadia Akseer Atte Meretoja Tuomo J. Meretoja Tomislav Mestrovic Haftay Berhane Mezgebe Yode Miangotar Bartosz Miazgowski Tomasz Miazgowski Ted R. Miller Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie G. K. Mini Fares Alahdab Parvaneh Mirabi Andreea Mirica Erkin M. Mirrakhimov Awoke Temesgen Misganaw Babak Moazen Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad Moslem Mohammadi Noushin Mohammadifard Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Mohammed A. Mohammed Kalkidan Hassen Abate Ziyad Al-Aly Shafiu Mohammed Ali H. Mokdad Glen Dl Mola Mariam Molokhia Lorenzo Monasta Julio Cesar Montañez Ghobad Moradi Mahmoudreza Moradi Maziar Moradi-Lakeh Mehdi Moradinazar Khurshid Alam Paula Moraga Joana Morgado-da-Costa Rintaro Mori Shane Douglas Morrison Abbas Mosapour Marilita M. Moschos Seyyed Meysam Mousavi Achenef Asmamaw Muche Kindie Fentahun Muchie Ulrich Otto Mueller Animut Alebel Satinath Mukhopadhyay Kate Muller Tasha B. Murphy G. V. S. Murthy Jonah Musa Kamarul Imran Musa Ghulam Mustafa Saravanan Muthupandian Jean B. Nachega Gabriele Nagel Alicia V. Aleman Mohsen Naghavi Aliya Naheed Azin Nahvijou Gurudatta Naik Paulami Naik Farid Najafi Luigi Naldi Vinay Nangia Jobert Richie Nansseu Bruno Ramos Nascimento Kefyalew Addis Alene Haseeb Nawaz Busisiwe P. Ncama Nahid Neamati Ionut Negoi Ruxandra Irina Negoi Subas Neupane Charles Richard James Newton Frida N. Ngalesoni Josephine W. Ngunjiri Grant Nguyen Ayman Al-Eyadhy Long Hoang Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum Yirga Legesse Nirayo Muhammad Imran Nisar Molly R. Nixon Shuhei Nomura Mehdi Noroozi Jean Jacques Noubiap Hamid Reza Nouri Raghib Ali Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh Mohammad Reza Nowroozi Alypio Nyandwi Peter S. Nyasulu Christopher m Odell Richard Ofori-Asenso Okechukwu Samuel Ogah Felix Akpojene Ogbo In-hwan Oh Anselm Okoro Mehran Alijanzadeh Olanrewaju Oladimeji Andrew T. Olagunju Tinuke O. Olagunju Pedro R. Olivares Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya Jacob Olusegun Olusanya Sok King Ong Alberto Ortiz Aaron Osgood-zimmerman Erika Ota Reza Alizadeh-Navaei Brenda Achieng Otieno Stanislav S. Otstavnov Mayowa Ojo Owolabi Abayomi Samuel Oyekale Mahesh P. A. Smita Pakhale Abhijit P. Pakhare Adrian Pana Basant Kumar Panda Songhomitra Panda-Jonas Syed Mohamed Aljunid Achyut Raj Pandey Eun-Kee Park Hadi Parsian Shanti Patel Snehal T. Patil Ajay Patle George C. Patton Vishnupriya Rao Paturi Deepak Paudel Marcel Moraes Pedroso Solomon M. Abay Ala'a Alkerwi Emmanuel K. Peprah David M. Pereira Norberto Perico Konrad Pesudovs William A. Petri Max Petzold Maxwell Pierce David M. Pigott Julian David Pillay Meghdad Pirsaheb François Alla Guilherme V. Polanczyk Maarten J. Postma Farshad Pourmalek Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Swayam Prakash Narayan Prasad Caroline A. Purcell Manorama B. Purwar Mostafa Qorbani Peter Allebeck Reginald Quansah Amir Radfar Anwar Rafay Alireza Rafiei Fakher Rahim Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Mahfuzar Rahman md Shafiur Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman Ali Almasi Muhammad Aziz Rahman Sajjad ur Rahman Rajesh Kumar Rai Fatemeh Rajati Sasa Rajsic Usha Ram Chhabi Lal Ranabhat Prabhat Ranjan David Laith Rawaf Salman Rawaf Jordi Alonso Sarah E. Ray Christian Razo-García Robert C. Reiner Cesar Reis Giuseppe Remuzzi Andre M. N. Renzaho Serge Resnikoff Satar Rezaei Shahab Rezaeian Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Rajaa m Al-Raddadi Seyed Mohammad Riahi Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas Kedir Teji Roba Nicholas L. S. Roberts Leonardo Roever Luca Ronfani Gholamreza Roshandel Ali Rostami Enrico Rubagotti George Mugambage Ruhago Ubai Alsharif Yogesh Damodar Sabde Perminder S. Sachdev Basema Saddik Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hosein Safari Yahya Safari Roya Safari-faramani Mahdi Safdarian Sare Safi Saeid Safiri Khalid Altirkawi Rajesh Sagar Amirhossein Sahebkar Mohammad Ali Sahraian Haniye Sadat Sajadi Mohamadreza Salahshoor Nasir Salam Joseph S. Salama Payman Salamati Raphael de Freitas Saldanha Zikria Saleem Nelson Alvis-Guzman Yahya Salimi Hamideh Salimzadeh Joshua A. Salomon Sundeep Santosh Salvi Inbal Salz Evanson Zondani Sambala Abdallah M. Samy Juan Sanabria Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño Itamar S. Santos Azmeraw T. Amare Milena m Santric Milicevic Bruno Piassi Sao Jose Mayank Sardana Abdur Razzaque Sarker Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez Satish Saroshe Nizal Sarrafzadegan Benn Sartorius Shahabeddin Sarvi Brijesh Sathian Nooshin Abbasi Walid Ammar Maheswar Satpathy Arundhati R. Sawant Monika Sawhney Sonia Saxena Elke Schaeffner Kathryn Schelonka Ione J. C. Schneider David C. Schwebel Falk Schwendicke Soraya Seedat Nahla Hamed Anber Mario Sekerija Sadaf G. Sepanlou Edson Serván-Mori Hosein Shabaninejad Katya Anne Shackelford Azadeh Shafieesabet Amira A. Shaheen Masood Ali Shaikh Raad A. Shakir Mehran Shams-Beyranvand Catalina Liliana Andrei Mohammadbagher Shamsi Morteza Shamsizadeh Heidar Sharafi Kiomars Sharafi Mehdi Sharif Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini Jayendra Sharma Rajesh Sharma Jun She Aziz Sheikh Sofia Androudi Peilin Shi Kenji Shibuya Mika Shigematsu Rahman Shiri Reza Shirkoohi Ivy Shiue Farhad Shokraneh Sharvari Rahul Shukla Si Si Soraya Siabani Megbaru Debalkie Animut Abla Mehio Sibai Tariq J. Siddiqi Inga Dora Sigfusdottir Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir Naris Silpakit Diego Augusto Santos Silva João Pedro Silva Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam Jasvinder A. Singh Hossein Ansari Narinder Pal Singh Virendra Singh Dhirendra Narain Sinha Karen Sliwa Adauto Martins Soares Filho Badr Hasan Sobaih Soheila Sobhani Moslem Soofi Joan B. Soriano Ireneous N. Soyiri Mustafa Geleto Ansha Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy Vladimir I. Starodubov Caitlyn Steiner Leo G. Stewart Mark A. Stokes Mark Strong Michelle L. Subart Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan Gerhard Sulo Bruno F. Sunguya Carl Abelardo T. Antonio Patrick John Sur Ipsita Sutradhar Bryan L. Sykes P. N. Sylaja Dillon O. Sylte Cassandra E. I. Szoeke Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos Karen M. Tabb Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Nikhil Tandon Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah Aberash Abay Tassew Segen Gebremeskel Tassew Nuno Taveira Nega Yimer Tawye Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Tigist Gashaw Tekalign Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle Mohamad-Hani Temsah Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi Manaye Yihune Teshale Olatunde Aremu Belay Tessema Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Jarnail Singh Thakur Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan Sathish Thirunavukkarasu Nihal Thomas Alan J. Thomson Binyam Tilahun Quyen G. To Marcello Tonelli Hedayat Abbastabar Habtamu Abera Areri Roman Topor-Madry Anna E. Torre Miguel Tortajada-Girbés Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone Hideaki Toyoshima Bach Xuan Tran Khanh Bao Tran Srikanth Prasad Tripathy Thomas Clement Truelsen Nu Thi Truong Nicholas Arian Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik Amanuel Tsegay Nikolaos Tsilimparis Lorainne Tudor Car Kingsley N. Ukwaja Irfan Ullah Muhammad Shariq Usman Olalekan A. Uthman Selen Begüm Uzun Muthiah Vaduganathan Johan Ärnlöv Afsane Vaezi Gaurang Vaidya Pascual R. Valdez Elena Varavikova Santosh Varughese Tommi Juhani Vasankari Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian Santos Villafaina Francesco S. Violante Al Artaman Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov Vasily Vlassov Stein Emil Vollset Theo Vos Kia Vosoughi Isidora s Vujcic Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew Yasir Waheed Judd L. Walson Yanping Wang Krishna K. Aryal Yuan-Pang Wang Elisabete Weiderpass Robert G. Weintraub Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs Andrea Werdecker Ronny Westerman Harvey Whiteford Justyna Widecka Katarzyna Widecka Tissa Wijeratne Hamid Asayesh Andrea Sylvia Winkler Charles Shey Wiysonge Charles D. A. Wolfe Shouling Wu Grant M. A, Wyper Gelin Xu Tomohide Yamada Yuichiro Yano Mehdi Yaseri Yasin Jemal Yasin Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw Pengpeng Ye Gökalp Kadri Yentür Alex Yeshaneh Ebrahim m Yimer Paul Yip Engida Yisma Naohiro Yonemoto Seok-jun Yoon Marcel Yotebieng Mustafa Z. Younis Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom Mahmoud Yousefifard Chuanhua Yu Vesna Zadnik Zoubida Zaidi Sojib Bin Zaman Mohammad Zamani Zohreh Zare Mulugeta Molla Zeleke Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe Taddese Alemu Zerfu Reza Assadi Xueying Zhang Xiu-ju Zhao Maigeng Zhou Jun Zhu Stephanie R. M. Zimsen Sanjay Zodpey Leo Zoeckler Alan D. Lopez Stephen S. Lim Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey |
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Jemal Abdela Suleman Atique Madhu Sudhan Atteraya Marcel Ausloos Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho Ashish Awasthi Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla Yohanes Ayele Rakesh Ayer Tambe B. Ayuk Peter S. Azzopardi Ahmed Abdelalim Tesleem Kayode Babalola Arefeh Babazadeh Hamid Badali Alaa Badawi Ayele Geleto Bali Maciej Banach Suzanne Lyn Barker-collo Till Winfried Bärnighausen Lope H. Barrero Huda Basaleem Omar Abdel-Rahman Quique Bassat Arindam Basu Bernhard T. Baune Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes Ettore Beghi Masoud Behzadifar Meysam Behzadifar Bayu Begashaw Bekele Abate Bekele Belachew Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay Alireza Abdi Ezra Belay Saba Abraham Belay Yihalem Abebe Belay Michelle l. Bell Aminu K. Bello Derrick A. Bennett Isabela M. Bensenor Gilles Bergeron Adugnaw Berhane Adam E. Berman Nasrin Abdoli Eduardo Bernabe Robert S. Bernstein Gregory J. Bertolacci Mircea Beuran Suraj Bhattarai Soumyadeep Bhaumik Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Belete Biadgo Ali Bijani Boris Bikbov Ibrahim Abdollahpour Nigus Bililign Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed Sait Mentes Birlik Charles Birungi Tuhin Biswas Hailemichael Bizuneh Archie Bleyer Berrak Bora Basara Cristina Bosetti Soufiane Boufous Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader Oliver J. Brady Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Michael Brainin Alexandra Brazinova Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Hermann Brenner Jerry D. Brewer Paul Svitil Briant Gabrielle Britton Roy Burstein Haftom Temesgen Abebe Reinhard Busse Zahid A. Butt Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado Ismael R. Campos-Nonato Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon Jorge Cano Mate Car Rosario Cárdenas Juan J. Carrero Félix Carvalho Molla Abebe Carlos a Castañeda-orjuela Jacqueline Castillo Rivas Franz Castro Ferrán Catalá-López Alanur Çavlin Ester Cerin Julian Chalek Hsing-yi Chang Jung-chen Chang Aparajita Chattopadhyay Zegeye Abebe Pankaj Chaturvedi Peggy Pei-chia Chiang Ken Lee Chin Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa Abdulaal Chitheer Jee-young J. Choi Rajiv Chowdhury Devasahayam J. Christopher Flavia M. Cicuttini Liliana G. Ciobanu Charlton S. K. H. Callender Teshome Abuka Abebo Massimo Cirillo Rafael Moreira Claro Daniel Collado-Mateo Maria-Magdalena Constantin Sara Conti Cyrus Cooper Leslie Trumbull Cooper Leslie Cornaby Paolo Angelo Cortesi Monica Cortinovis Ayenew Negesse Abejie Megan Costa Elizabeth Cromwell Christopher Stephen Crowe Petra Cukelj Matthew Cunningham Alemneh Kabeta Daba Berihun Assefa Dachew Lalit Dandona Rakhi Dandona Paul I. Dargan Victor Aboyans Ahmad Daryani Rajat Das Gupta José Das Neves Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa Aditya Prasad Dash Nicole Davis Weaver Dragos Virgil Davitoiu Kairat Davletov Diego de Leo Jan-Walter de Neve Haftom Niguse Abraha Meaza Girma Degefa Louisa Degenhardt Tizta Tilahun Degfie Selina Deiparine Gebre Teklemariam Demoz Balem Demtsu Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez Kebede Deribe Nikolaos Dervenis Don C. Des Jarlais Daisy Maria Xavier Abreu Getenet Ayalew Dessie Samath D. Dharmaratne Meghnath Dhimal Daniel Dicker Eric L. Ding Girmaye Deye Dinsa Shirin Djalalinia Huyen Phuc Do Klara Dokova David Teye Doku Aklilu Roba Abrham Kate A. Dolan Kerrie E. Doyle Tim R. Driscoll Manisha Dubey Eleonora Dubljanin Eyasu Ejeta Duken Andre R. Duraes Soheil Ebrahimpour David Edvardsson Charbel el Bcheraoui Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad Ziad El-Khatib Iqbal RF Elyazar Ahmadali Enayati Aman Yesuf Endries Sergey Petrovich Ermakov Babak Eshrati Sharareh Eskandarieh Reza Esmaeili Alireza Esteghamati Sadaf Esteghamati Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh Kara Estep Hamed Fakhim Tamer Farag Mahbobeh Faramarzi Mohammad Fareed Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha Andre Faro Maryam S. Farvid Farshad Farzadfar Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Kairsten A. Fay Mir Sohail Fazeli Valery L. Feigin Andrea B. Feigl Fariba Feizy Ama P. Fenny Netsanet Fentahun Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad Eduarda Fernandes Garumma Tolu Feyissa Pawan Acharya Irina Filip Samuel Finegold Florian Fischer Luisa Sorio Flor Nataliya A. Foigt Kyle J. Foreman Carla Fornari Thomas Fürst Takeshi Fukumoto John E. Fuller Xie Rachel Kulikoff Abdu A. Adamu Nancy Fullman Emmanuela Gakidou Silvano Gallus Amiran Gamkrelidze Morsaleh Ganji Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe Gregory m Garcia Miguel À. Garcia-Gordillo Abadi Kahsu Gebre Teshome Gebre Oladimeji M. Adebayo Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Tilayie Feto Gelano Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw Johanna M. Geleijnse Ricard Genova-Maleras Peter Gething Kebede Embaye Gezae Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji Reza Ghadimi Keyghobad Ghadiri Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani Maryam Ghasemi-kasman Hesam Ghiasvand Mamata Ghimire Aloke Gopal Ghoshal Paramjit Singh Gill Tiffany K. Gill Giorgia Giussani Victor Adekanmbi Elena V. Gnedovskaya Srinivas Goli Ricardo Santiago Gomez Hector Gómez-Dantés Philimon N. Gona Amador Goodridge Sameer Vali Gopalani Alessandra C. Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart Ayman Grada Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Giuseppe Grosso Harish Chander C. Gugnani Jingwen Guo Yuming Guo Prakash C. Gupta Rahul Gupta Rajeev Gupta Tanush Gupta Juanita A. Haagsma Vladimir Hachinski Beyene Meressa Adhena Nima Hafezi-Nejad Tekleberhan B. Hagos Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis Gessessew Bugssa Hailu Arvin Haj-Mirzaian Arya Haj-Mirzaian Randah R. Hamadeh Samer Hamidi Alexis J. Handal Graeme J. Hankey Tara Ballav Adhikari Yuantao Hao Hilda L. Harb Hamidreza Haririan Josep Maria Haro Mehedi Hasan Hadi Hassankhani Hamid Yimam Hassen Rasmus Havmoeller Simon I. Hay Yihua He Mina G. Adib Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran Mohamed I. Hegazy Behzad Heibati Behnam Heidari Delia Hendrie Andualem Henok Nathaniel J. Henry Claudiu Herteliu Fatemeh Heydarpour Desalegn T. Hibstu Arsène Kouablan Adou Michael K. Hole Enayatollah Homaie Rad Praveen Hoogar H. Dean Hosgood Seyed Mostafa Hosseini Meimanat m Hosseini Chavoshi Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Mihaela Hostiuc Sorin Hostiuc Mohamed Hsairi Jose C. Adsuar Thomas Hsiao Guoqing hu John J. Huang Kim Moesgaard Iburg Ehimario U. Igumbor Chad Thomas Ikeda Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Usman Iqbal Asnake Ararsa Irenso Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani Vinay Srinivasan Mohsen Afarideh Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam Leila Jahangiry Nader Jahanmehr Sudhir Kumar Jain Mihajlo Jakovljevic Moti Tolera Jalu Spencer L. James Simerjot K. Jassal Mehdi Javanbakht Ashkan Afshin Achala Upendra Jayatilleke Panniyammakal Jeemon Ravi Prakash Jha Vivekanand Jha John S. Ji Jost B. Jonas Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak Suresh Banayya Jungari Mikk Jürisson Zubair Kabir Gina Agarwal Rajendra Kadel Amaha Kahsay Rizwan Kalani Umesh Kapil Manoochehr Karami Behzad Karami Matin André Karch Corine Karema Seyed M. Karimi Amir Kasaeian Kareha M. Agesa Dessalegn H. Kassa Getachew Mullu Kassa Tesfaye Dessale Kassa Zemenu Yohannes Kassa Nicholas J. Kassebaum Anshul Kastor Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Anil Kaul Norito Kawakami Ali Kazemi Karyani Sargis Aghasi Aghayan Seifu Kebede Peter Njenga Keiyoro Grant Rodgers Kemp Andre Pascal Kengne Andre Keren Maia Kereselidze Yousef Saleh Khader Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie Alireza Khajavi Nauman Khalid Sutapa Agrawal Ibrahim a Khalil Ejaz Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahzeb Khan Young-ho Khang Tripti Khanna Mona M. Khater Alireza Khatony Zahra Khazaeipour Habibolah Khazaie Abdullah T. Khoja Alireza Ahmadi Ardeshir Khosravi Mohammad Hossein Khosravi Getiye D. Kibret Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam Daniel N. Kiirithio Paul Evan Kilgore Daniel Kim Jun Y. Kim Young-eun Kim Yun Jin Kim Mehdi Ahmadi Ruth W. Kimokoti Yohannes Kinfu Sanjay Kinra Adnan Kisa Mika Kivimäki Sonali Kochhar Yoshihiro Kokubo Tufa Kolola Jacek A. Kopec Margaret N. Kosek Muktar Beshir Ahmed Soewarta Kosen Parvaiz A. Koul Ai Koyanagi Kewal Krishan Sanjay Krishnaswami Kristopher J. Krohn Barthelemy Kuate Defo Burcu Kucuk Bicer G. Anil Kumar Manasi Kumar Sayem Ahmed Pushpendra Kumar Fekede Asefa Kumsa Michael J. Kutz Sheetal D. Lad Alessandra Lafranconi Dharmesh Kumar Lal Ratilal Lalloo Hilton Lam Faris Hasan Lami Justin J. Lang Degu Abate Amani Nidhal Aichour Sonia Lanksy Van C. Lansingh Dennis Odai Laryea Zohra S. Lassi Arman Latifi Avula Laxmaiah Jeffrey V. Lazarus James B. Lee Paul H. Lee James Leigh Ibtihel Aichour Cheru Tesema Leshargie Samson Leta Miriam Levi Shanshan Li Xiaohong Li Yichong Li Juan Liang Xiaofeng Liang Misgan Legesse Liben Lee-ling Lim Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour Miteku Andualem Limenih Shai Linn Shiwei Liu Stefan Lorkowski Paulo A. Lotufo Rafael Lozano Raimundas Lunevicius Crispin Mabika Mabika Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan Mark T. Mackay Ali S. Akanda Fabiana Madotto Tarek Abd Elaziz Mahmood Narayan Bahadur Mahotra Marek Majdan Reza Majdzadeh Azeem Majeed Reza Malekzadeh Manzoor Ahmad Malik Abdullah A. Mamun Wondimu Ayele Manamo Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Ana-Laura Manda Srikanth Mangalam Mohammad Ali Mansournia Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani Chabila Christopher Mapoma Dadi Marami Joemer C. Maravilla Wagner Marcenes Shakhnazarova Marina Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-melo Mohammed Akibu Winfried März Melvin B. Marzan Tivani Phosa Mashamba-thompson Felix Masiye Amanda J. Mason-jones Benjamin Ballard Massenburg Manu Raj Mathur Pallab K. Maulik Mohsen Mazidi John J. Mcgrath Rufus Olusola Akinyemi Suresh Mehata Sanjay Madhav Mehendale Man Mohan Mehndiratta Ravi Mehrotra Saeed Mehrzadi Kala M. Mehta Varshil Mehta Tefera C. Mekonnen Hagazi Gebre Meles Kidanu Gebremariam Meles Tomi Akinyemiju Addisu Melese Mulugeta Melku Peter T. N. Memiah Ziad A. Memish Walter Mendoza Melkamu Merid Mengesha Desalegn Tadese Mengistu Getnet Mengistu George A. Mensah Seid Tiku Mereta Nadia Akseer Atte Meretoja Tuomo J. Meretoja Tomislav Mestrovic Haftay Berhane Mezgebe Yode Miangotar Bartosz Miazgowski Tomasz Miazgowski Ted R. Miller Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie G. K. Mini Fares Alahdab Parvaneh Mirabi Andreea Mirica Erkin M. Mirrakhimov Awoke Temesgen Misganaw Babak Moazen Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad Moslem Mohammadi Noushin Mohammadifard Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Mohammed A. Mohammed Kalkidan Hassen Abate Ziyad Al-Aly Shafiu Mohammed Ali H. Mokdad Glen Dl Mola Mariam Molokhia Lorenzo Monasta Julio Cesar Montañez Ghobad Moradi Mahmoudreza Moradi Maziar Moradi-Lakeh Mehdi Moradinazar Khurshid Alam Paula Moraga Joana Morgado-da-Costa Rintaro Mori Shane Douglas Morrison Abbas Mosapour Marilita M. Moschos Seyyed Meysam Mousavi Achenef Asmamaw Muche Kindie Fentahun Muchie Ulrich Otto Mueller Animut Alebel Satinath Mukhopadhyay Kate Muller Tasha B. Murphy G. V. S. Murthy Jonah Musa Kamarul Imran Musa Ghulam Mustafa Saravanan Muthupandian Jean B. Nachega Gabriele Nagel Alicia V. Aleman Mohsen Naghavi Aliya Naheed Azin Nahvijou Gurudatta Naik Paulami Naik Farid Najafi Luigi Naldi Vinay Nangia Jobert Richie Nansseu Bruno Ramos Nascimento Kefyalew Addis Alene Haseeb Nawaz Busisiwe P. Ncama Nahid Neamati Ionut Negoi Ruxandra Irina Negoi Subas Neupane Charles Richard James Newton Frida N. Ngalesoni Josephine W. Ngunjiri Grant Nguyen Ayman Al-Eyadhy Long Hoang Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum Yirga Legesse Nirayo Muhammad Imran Nisar Molly R. Nixon Shuhei Nomura Mehdi Noroozi Jean Jacques Noubiap Hamid Reza Nouri Raghib Ali Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh Mohammad Reza Nowroozi Alypio Nyandwi Peter S. Nyasulu Christopher m Odell Richard Ofori-Asenso Okechukwu Samuel Ogah Felix Akpojene Ogbo In-hwan Oh Anselm Okoro Mehran Alijanzadeh Olanrewaju Oladimeji Andrew T. Olagunju Tinuke O. Olagunju Pedro R. Olivares Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya Jacob Olusegun Olusanya Sok King Ong Alberto Ortiz Aaron Osgood-zimmerman Erika Ota Reza Alizadeh-Navaei Brenda Achieng Otieno Stanislav S. Otstavnov Mayowa Ojo Owolabi Abayomi Samuel Oyekale Mahesh P. A. Smita Pakhale Abhijit P. Pakhare Adrian Pana Basant Kumar Panda Songhomitra Panda-Jonas Syed Mohamed Aljunid Achyut Raj Pandey Eun-Kee Park Hadi Parsian Shanti Patel Snehal T. Patil Ajay Patle George C. Patton Vishnupriya Rao Paturi Deepak Paudel Marcel Moraes Pedroso Solomon M. Abay Ala'a Alkerwi Emmanuel K. Peprah David M. Pereira Norberto Perico Konrad Pesudovs William A. Petri Max Petzold Maxwell Pierce David M. Pigott Julian David Pillay Meghdad Pirsaheb François Alla Guilherme V. Polanczyk Maarten J. Postma Farshad Pourmalek Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Swayam Prakash Narayan Prasad Caroline A. Purcell Manorama B. Purwar Mostafa Qorbani Peter Allebeck Reginald Quansah Amir Radfar Anwar Rafay Alireza Rafiei Fakher Rahim Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Mahfuzar Rahman md Shafiur Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman Ali Almasi Muhammad Aziz Rahman Sajjad ur Rahman Rajesh Kumar Rai Fatemeh Rajati Sasa Rajsic Usha Ram Chhabi Lal Ranabhat Prabhat Ranjan David Laith Rawaf Salman Rawaf Jordi Alonso Sarah E. Ray Christian Razo-García Robert C. Reiner Cesar Reis Giuseppe Remuzzi Andre M. N. Renzaho Serge Resnikoff Satar Rezaei Shahab Rezaeian Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Rajaa m Al-Raddadi Seyed Mohammad Riahi Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas Kedir Teji Roba Nicholas L. S. Roberts Leonardo Roever Luca Ronfani Gholamreza Roshandel Ali Rostami Enrico Rubagotti George Mugambage Ruhago Ubai Alsharif Yogesh Damodar Sabde Perminder S. Sachdev Basema Saddik Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hosein Safari Yahya Safari Roya Safari-faramani Mahdi Safdarian Sare Safi Saeid Safiri Khalid Altirkawi Rajesh Sagar Amirhossein Sahebkar Mohammad Ali Sahraian Haniye Sadat Sajadi Mohamadreza Salahshoor Nasir Salam Joseph S. Salama Payman Salamati Raphael de Freitas Saldanha Zikria Saleem Nelson Alvis-Guzman Yahya Salimi Hamideh Salimzadeh Joshua A. Salomon Sundeep Santosh Salvi Inbal Salz Evanson Zondani Sambala Abdallah M. Samy Juan Sanabria Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño Itamar S. Santos Azmeraw T. Amare Milena m Santric Milicevic Bruno Piassi Sao Jose Mayank Sardana Abdur Razzaque Sarker Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez Satish Saroshe Nizal Sarrafzadegan Benn Sartorius Shahabeddin Sarvi Brijesh Sathian Nooshin Abbasi Walid Ammar Maheswar Satpathy Arundhati R. Sawant Monika Sawhney Sonia Saxena Elke Schaeffner Kathryn Schelonka Ione J. C. Schneider David C. Schwebel Falk Schwendicke Soraya Seedat Nahla Hamed Anber Mario Sekerija Sadaf G. Sepanlou Edson Serván-Mori Hosein Shabaninejad Katya Anne Shackelford Azadeh Shafieesabet Amira A. Shaheen Masood Ali Shaikh Raad A. Shakir Mehran Shams-Beyranvand Catalina Liliana Andrei Mohammadbagher Shamsi Morteza Shamsizadeh Heidar Sharafi Kiomars Sharafi Mehdi Sharif Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini Jayendra Sharma Rajesh Sharma Jun She Aziz Sheikh Sofia Androudi Peilin Shi Kenji Shibuya Mika Shigematsu Rahman Shiri Reza Shirkoohi Ivy Shiue Farhad Shokraneh Sharvari Rahul Shukla Si Si Soraya Siabani Megbaru Debalkie Animut Abla Mehio Sibai Tariq J. Siddiqi Inga Dora Sigfusdottir Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir Naris Silpakit Diego Augusto Santos Silva João Pedro Silva Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam Jasvinder A. Singh Hossein Ansari Narinder Pal Singh Virendra Singh Dhirendra Narain Sinha Karen Sliwa Adauto Martins Soares Filho Badr Hasan Sobaih Soheila Sobhani Moslem Soofi Joan B. Soriano Ireneous N. Soyiri Mustafa Geleto Ansha Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy Vladimir I. Starodubov Caitlyn Steiner Leo G. Stewart Mark A. Stokes Mark Strong Michelle L. Subart Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan Gerhard Sulo Bruno F. Sunguya Carl Abelardo T. Antonio Patrick John Sur Ipsita Sutradhar Bryan L. Sykes P. N. Sylaja Dillon O. Sylte Cassandra E. I. Szoeke Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos Karen M. Tabb Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Nikhil Tandon Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah Aberash Abay Tassew Segen Gebremeskel Tassew Nuno Taveira Nega Yimer Tawye Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Tigist Gashaw Tekalign Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle Mohamad-Hani Temsah Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi Manaye Yihune Teshale Olatunde Aremu Belay Tessema Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Jarnail Singh Thakur Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan Sathish Thirunavukkarasu Nihal Thomas Alan J. Thomson Binyam Tilahun Quyen G. To Marcello Tonelli Hedayat Abbastabar Habtamu Abera Areri Roman Topor-Madry Anna E. Torre Miguel Tortajada-Girbés Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone Hideaki Toyoshima Bach Xuan Tran Khanh Bao Tran Srikanth Prasad Tripathy Thomas Clement Truelsen Nu Thi Truong Nicholas Arian Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik Amanuel Tsegay Nikolaos Tsilimparis Lorainne Tudor Car Kingsley N. Ukwaja Irfan Ullah Muhammad Shariq Usman Olalekan A. Uthman Selen Begüm Uzun Muthiah Vaduganathan Johan Ärnlöv Afsane Vaezi Gaurang Vaidya Pascual R. Valdez Elena Varavikova Santosh Varughese Tommi Juhani Vasankari Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian Santos Villafaina Francesco S. Violante Al Artaman Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov Vasily Vlassov Stein Emil Vollset Theo Vos Kia Vosoughi Isidora s Vujcic Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew Yasir Waheed Judd L. Walson Yanping Wang Krishna K. Aryal Yuan-Pang Wang Elisabete Weiderpass Robert G. Weintraub Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs Andrea Werdecker Ronny Westerman Harvey Whiteford Justyna Widecka Katarzyna Widecka Tissa Wijeratne Hamid Asayesh Andrea Sylvia Winkler Charles Shey Wiysonge Charles D. A. Wolfe Shouling Wu Grant M. A, Wyper Gelin Xu Tomohide Yamada Yuichiro Yano Mehdi Yaseri Yasin Jemal Yasin Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw Pengpeng Ye Gökalp Kadri Yentür Alex Yeshaneh Ebrahim m Yimer Paul Yip Engida Yisma Naohiro Yonemoto Seok-jun Yoon Marcel Yotebieng Mustafa Z. Younis Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom Mahmoud Yousefifard Chuanhua Yu Vesna Zadnik Zoubida Zaidi Sojib Bin Zaman Mohammad Zamani Zohreh Zare Mulugeta Molla Zeleke Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe Taddese Alemu Zerfu Reza Assadi Xueying Zhang Xiu-ju Zhao Maigeng Zhou Jun Zhu Stephanie R. M. Zimsen Sanjay Zodpey Leo Zoeckler Alan D. Lopez Stephen S. Lim Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey |
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Christopher J. L. Murray Jemal Abdela Suleman Atique Madhu Sudhan Atteraya Marcel Ausloos Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho Ashish Awasthi Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla Yohanes Ayele Rakesh Ayer Tambe B. Ayuk Peter S. Azzopardi Ahmed Abdelalim Tesleem Kayode Babalola Arefeh Babazadeh Hamid Badali Alaa Badawi Ayele Geleto Bali Maciej Banach Suzanne Lyn Barker-collo Till Winfried Bärnighausen Lope H. Barrero Huda Basaleem Omar Abdel-Rahman Quique Bassat Arindam Basu Bernhard T. Baune Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes Ettore Beghi Masoud Behzadifar Meysam Behzadifar Bayu Begashaw Bekele Abate Bekele Belachew Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay Alireza Abdi Ezra Belay Saba Abraham Belay Yihalem Abebe Belay Michelle l. Bell Aminu K. Bello Derrick A. Bennett Isabela M. Bensenor Gilles Bergeron Adugnaw Berhane Adam E. Berman Nasrin Abdoli Eduardo Bernabe Robert S. Bernstein Gregory J. Bertolacci Mircea Beuran Suraj Bhattarai Soumyadeep Bhaumik Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Belete Biadgo Ali Bijani Boris Bikbov Ibrahim Abdollahpour Nigus Bililign Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed Sait Mentes Birlik Charles Birungi Tuhin Biswas Hailemichael Bizuneh Archie Bleyer Berrak Bora Basara Cristina Bosetti Soufiane Boufous Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader Oliver J. Brady Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Michael Brainin Alexandra Brazinova Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Hermann Brenner Jerry D. Brewer Paul Svitil Briant Gabrielle Britton Roy Burstein Haftom Temesgen Abebe Reinhard Busse Zahid A. Butt Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado Ismael R. Campos-Nonato Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon Jorge Cano Mate Car Rosario Cárdenas Juan J. Carrero Félix Carvalho Molla Abebe Carlos a Castañeda-orjuela Jacqueline Castillo Rivas Franz Castro Ferrán Catalá-López Alanur Çavlin Ester Cerin Julian Chalek Hsing-yi Chang Jung-chen Chang Aparajita Chattopadhyay Zegeye Abebe Pankaj Chaturvedi Peggy Pei-chia Chiang Ken Lee Chin Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa Abdulaal Chitheer Jee-young J. Choi Rajiv Chowdhury Devasahayam J. Christopher Flavia M. Cicuttini Liliana G. Ciobanu Charlton S. K. H. Callender Teshome Abuka Abebo Massimo Cirillo Rafael Moreira Claro Daniel Collado-Mateo Maria-Magdalena Constantin Sara Conti Cyrus Cooper Leslie Trumbull Cooper Leslie Cornaby Paolo Angelo Cortesi Monica Cortinovis Ayenew Negesse Abejie Megan Costa Elizabeth Cromwell Christopher Stephen Crowe Petra Cukelj Matthew Cunningham Alemneh Kabeta Daba Berihun Assefa Dachew Lalit Dandona Rakhi Dandona Paul I. Dargan Victor Aboyans Ahmad Daryani Rajat Das Gupta José Das Neves Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa Aditya Prasad Dash Nicole Davis Weaver Dragos Virgil Davitoiu Kairat Davletov Diego de Leo Jan-Walter de Neve Haftom Niguse Abraha Meaza Girma Degefa Louisa Degenhardt Tizta Tilahun Degfie Selina Deiparine Gebre Teklemariam Demoz Balem Demtsu Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez Kebede Deribe Nikolaos Dervenis Don C. Des Jarlais Daisy Maria Xavier Abreu Getenet Ayalew Dessie Samath D. Dharmaratne Meghnath Dhimal Daniel Dicker Eric L. Ding Girmaye Deye Dinsa Shirin Djalalinia Huyen Phuc Do Klara Dokova David Teye Doku Aklilu Roba Abrham Kate A. Dolan Kerrie E. Doyle Tim R. Driscoll Manisha Dubey Eleonora Dubljanin Eyasu Ejeta Duken Andre R. Duraes Soheil Ebrahimpour David Edvardsson Charbel el Bcheraoui Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad Ziad El-Khatib Iqbal RF Elyazar Ahmadali Enayati Aman Yesuf Endries Sergey Petrovich Ermakov Babak Eshrati Sharareh Eskandarieh Reza Esmaeili Alireza Esteghamati Sadaf Esteghamati Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh Kara Estep Hamed Fakhim Tamer Farag Mahbobeh Faramarzi Mohammad Fareed Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha Andre Faro Maryam S. Farvid Farshad Farzadfar Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Kairsten A. Fay Mir Sohail Fazeli Valery L. Feigin Andrea B. Feigl Fariba Feizy Ama P. Fenny Netsanet Fentahun Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad Eduarda Fernandes Garumma Tolu Feyissa Pawan Acharya Irina Filip Samuel Finegold Florian Fischer Luisa Sorio Flor Nataliya A. Foigt Kyle J. Foreman Carla Fornari Thomas Fürst Takeshi Fukumoto John E. Fuller Xie Rachel Kulikoff Abdu A. Adamu Nancy Fullman Emmanuela Gakidou Silvano Gallus Amiran Gamkrelidze Morsaleh Ganji Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe Gregory m Garcia Miguel À. Garcia-Gordillo Abadi Kahsu Gebre Teshome Gebre Oladimeji M. Adebayo Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Tilayie Feto Gelano Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw Johanna M. Geleijnse Ricard Genova-Maleras Peter Gething Kebede Embaye Gezae Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji Reza Ghadimi Keyghobad Ghadiri Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani Maryam Ghasemi-kasman Hesam Ghiasvand Mamata Ghimire Aloke Gopal Ghoshal Paramjit Singh Gill Tiffany K. Gill Giorgia Giussani Victor Adekanmbi Elena V. Gnedovskaya Srinivas Goli Ricardo Santiago Gomez Hector Gómez-Dantés Philimon N. Gona Amador Goodridge Sameer Vali Gopalani Alessandra C. Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart Ayman Grada Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Giuseppe Grosso Harish Chander C. Gugnani Jingwen Guo Yuming Guo Prakash C. Gupta Rahul Gupta Rajeev Gupta Tanush Gupta Juanita A. Haagsma Vladimir Hachinski Beyene Meressa Adhena Nima Hafezi-Nejad Tekleberhan B. Hagos Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis Gessessew Bugssa Hailu Arvin Haj-Mirzaian Arya Haj-Mirzaian Randah R. Hamadeh Samer Hamidi Alexis J. Handal Graeme J. Hankey Tara Ballav Adhikari Yuantao Hao Hilda L. Harb Hamidreza Haririan Josep Maria Haro Mehedi Hasan Hadi Hassankhani Hamid Yimam Hassen Rasmus Havmoeller Simon I. Hay Yihua He Mina G. Adib Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran Mohamed I. Hegazy Behzad Heibati Behnam Heidari Delia Hendrie Andualem Henok Nathaniel J. Henry Claudiu Herteliu Fatemeh Heydarpour Desalegn T. Hibstu Arsène Kouablan Adou Michael K. Hole Enayatollah Homaie Rad Praveen Hoogar H. Dean Hosgood Seyed Mostafa Hosseini Meimanat m Hosseini Chavoshi Mehdi Hosseinzadeh Mihaela Hostiuc Sorin Hostiuc Mohamed Hsairi Jose C. Adsuar Thomas Hsiao Guoqing hu John J. Huang Kim Moesgaard Iburg Ehimario U. Igumbor Chad Thomas Ikeda Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Usman Iqbal Asnake Ararsa Irenso Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani Vinay Srinivasan Mohsen Afarideh Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam Leila Jahangiry Nader Jahanmehr Sudhir Kumar Jain Mihajlo Jakovljevic Moti Tolera Jalu Spencer L. James Simerjot K. Jassal Mehdi Javanbakht Ashkan Afshin Achala Upendra Jayatilleke Panniyammakal Jeemon Ravi Prakash Jha Vivekanand Jha John S. Ji Jost B. Jonas Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak Suresh Banayya Jungari Mikk Jürisson Zubair Kabir Gina Agarwal Rajendra Kadel Amaha Kahsay Rizwan Kalani Umesh Kapil Manoochehr Karami Behzad Karami Matin André Karch Corine Karema Seyed M. Karimi Amir Kasaeian Kareha M. Agesa Dessalegn H. Kassa Getachew Mullu Kassa Tesfaye Dessale Kassa Zemenu Yohannes Kassa Nicholas J. Kassebaum Anshul Kastor Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Anil Kaul Norito Kawakami Ali Kazemi Karyani Sargis Aghasi Aghayan Seifu Kebede Peter Njenga Keiyoro Grant Rodgers Kemp Andre Pascal Kengne Andre Keren Maia Kereselidze Yousef Saleh Khader Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie Alireza Khajavi Nauman Khalid Sutapa Agrawal Ibrahim a Khalil Ejaz Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahzeb Khan Young-ho Khang Tripti Khanna Mona M. Khater Alireza Khatony Zahra Khazaeipour Habibolah Khazaie Abdullah T. Khoja Alireza Ahmadi Ardeshir Khosravi Mohammad Hossein Khosravi Getiye D. Kibret Zelalem Teklemariam Kidanemariam Daniel N. Kiirithio Paul Evan Kilgore Daniel Kim Jun Y. Kim Young-eun Kim Yun Jin Kim Mehdi Ahmadi Ruth W. Kimokoti Yohannes Kinfu Sanjay Kinra Adnan Kisa Mika Kivimäki Sonali Kochhar Yoshihiro Kokubo Tufa Kolola Jacek A. Kopec Margaret N. Kosek Muktar Beshir Ahmed Soewarta Kosen Parvaiz A. Koul Ai Koyanagi Kewal Krishan Sanjay Krishnaswami Kristopher J. Krohn Barthelemy Kuate Defo Burcu Kucuk Bicer G. Anil Kumar Manasi Kumar Sayem Ahmed Pushpendra Kumar Fekede Asefa Kumsa Michael J. Kutz Sheetal D. Lad Alessandra Lafranconi Dharmesh Kumar Lal Ratilal Lalloo Hilton Lam Faris Hasan Lami Justin J. Lang Degu Abate Amani Nidhal Aichour Sonia Lanksy Van C. Lansingh Dennis Odai Laryea Zohra S. Lassi Arman Latifi Avula Laxmaiah Jeffrey V. Lazarus James B. Lee Paul H. Lee James Leigh Ibtihel Aichour Cheru Tesema Leshargie Samson Leta Miriam Levi Shanshan Li Xiaohong Li Yichong Li Juan Liang Xiaofeng Liang Misgan Legesse Liben Lee-ling Lim Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour Miteku Andualem Limenih Shai Linn Shiwei Liu Stefan Lorkowski Paulo A. Lotufo Rafael Lozano Raimundas Lunevicius Crispin Mabika Mabika Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan Mark T. Mackay Ali S. Akanda Fabiana Madotto Tarek Abd Elaziz Mahmood Narayan Bahadur Mahotra Marek Majdan Reza Majdzadeh Azeem Majeed Reza Malekzadeh Manzoor Ahmad Malik Abdullah A. Mamun Wondimu Ayele Manamo Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Ana-Laura Manda Srikanth Mangalam Mohammad Ali Mansournia Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani Chabila Christopher Mapoma Dadi Marami Joemer C. Maravilla Wagner Marcenes Shakhnazarova Marina Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-melo Mohammed Akibu Winfried März Melvin B. Marzan Tivani Phosa Mashamba-thompson Felix Masiye Amanda J. Mason-jones Benjamin Ballard Massenburg Manu Raj Mathur Pallab K. Maulik Mohsen Mazidi John J. Mcgrath Rufus Olusola Akinyemi Suresh Mehata Sanjay Madhav Mehendale Man Mohan Mehndiratta Ravi Mehrotra Saeed Mehrzadi Kala M. Mehta Varshil Mehta Tefera C. Mekonnen Hagazi Gebre Meles Kidanu Gebremariam Meles Tomi Akinyemiju Addisu Melese Mulugeta Melku Peter T. N. Memiah Ziad A. Memish Walter Mendoza Melkamu Merid Mengesha Desalegn Tadese Mengistu Getnet Mengistu George A. Mensah Seid Tiku Mereta Nadia Akseer Atte Meretoja Tuomo J. Meretoja Tomislav Mestrovic Haftay Berhane Mezgebe Yode Miangotar Bartosz Miazgowski Tomasz Miazgowski Ted R. Miller Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie G. K. Mini Fares Alahdab Parvaneh Mirabi Andreea Mirica Erkin M. Mirrakhimov Awoke Temesgen Misganaw Babak Moazen Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad Moslem Mohammadi Noushin Mohammadifard Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Mohammed A. Mohammed Kalkidan Hassen Abate Ziyad Al-Aly Shafiu Mohammed Ali H. Mokdad Glen Dl Mola Mariam Molokhia Lorenzo Monasta Julio Cesar Montañez Ghobad Moradi Mahmoudreza Moradi Maziar Moradi-Lakeh Mehdi Moradinazar Khurshid Alam Paula Moraga Joana Morgado-da-Costa Rintaro Mori Shane Douglas Morrison Abbas Mosapour Marilita M. Moschos Seyyed Meysam Mousavi Achenef Asmamaw Muche Kindie Fentahun Muchie Ulrich Otto Mueller Animut Alebel Satinath Mukhopadhyay Kate Muller Tasha B. Murphy G. V. S. Murthy Jonah Musa Kamarul Imran Musa Ghulam Mustafa Saravanan Muthupandian Jean B. Nachega Gabriele Nagel Alicia V. Aleman Mohsen Naghavi Aliya Naheed Azin Nahvijou Gurudatta Naik Paulami Naik Farid Najafi Luigi Naldi Vinay Nangia Jobert Richie Nansseu Bruno Ramos Nascimento Kefyalew Addis Alene Haseeb Nawaz Busisiwe P. Ncama Nahid Neamati Ionut Negoi Ruxandra Irina Negoi Subas Neupane Charles Richard James Newton Frida N. Ngalesoni Josephine W. Ngunjiri Grant Nguyen Ayman Al-Eyadhy Long Hoang Nguyen Trang Huyen Nguyen Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum Yirga Legesse Nirayo Muhammad Imran Nisar Molly R. Nixon Shuhei Nomura Mehdi Noroozi Jean Jacques Noubiap Hamid Reza Nouri Raghib Ali Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh Mohammad Reza Nowroozi Alypio Nyandwi Peter S. Nyasulu Christopher m Odell Richard Ofori-Asenso Okechukwu Samuel Ogah Felix Akpojene Ogbo In-hwan Oh Anselm Okoro Mehran Alijanzadeh Olanrewaju Oladimeji Andrew T. Olagunju Tinuke O. Olagunju Pedro R. Olivares Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya Jacob Olusegun Olusanya Sok King Ong Alberto Ortiz Aaron Osgood-zimmerman Erika Ota Reza Alizadeh-Navaei Brenda Achieng Otieno Stanislav S. Otstavnov Mayowa Ojo Owolabi Abayomi Samuel Oyekale Mahesh P. A. Smita Pakhale Abhijit P. Pakhare Adrian Pana Basant Kumar Panda Songhomitra Panda-Jonas Syed Mohamed Aljunid Achyut Raj Pandey Eun-Kee Park Hadi Parsian Shanti Patel Snehal T. Patil Ajay Patle George C. Patton Vishnupriya Rao Paturi Deepak Paudel Marcel Moraes Pedroso Solomon M. Abay Ala'a Alkerwi Emmanuel K. Peprah David M. Pereira Norberto Perico Konrad Pesudovs William A. Petri Max Petzold Maxwell Pierce David M. Pigott Julian David Pillay Meghdad Pirsaheb François Alla Guilherme V. Polanczyk Maarten J. Postma Farshad Pourmalek Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Swayam Prakash Narayan Prasad Caroline A. Purcell Manorama B. Purwar Mostafa Qorbani Peter Allebeck Reginald Quansah Amir Radfar Anwar Rafay Alireza Rafiei Fakher Rahim Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Mahfuzar Rahman md Shafiur Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman Ali Almasi Muhammad Aziz Rahman Sajjad ur Rahman Rajesh Kumar Rai Fatemeh Rajati Sasa Rajsic Usha Ram Chhabi Lal Ranabhat Prabhat Ranjan David Laith Rawaf Salman Rawaf Jordi Alonso Sarah E. Ray Christian Razo-García Robert C. Reiner Cesar Reis Giuseppe Remuzzi Andre M. N. Renzaho Serge Resnikoff Satar Rezaei Shahab Rezaeian Mohammad Sadegh Rezai Rajaa m Al-Raddadi Seyed Mohammad Riahi Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas Kedir Teji Roba Nicholas L. S. Roberts Leonardo Roever Luca Ronfani Gholamreza Roshandel Ali Rostami Enrico Rubagotti George Mugambage Ruhago Ubai Alsharif Yogesh Damodar Sabde Perminder S. Sachdev Basema Saddik Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hosein Safari Yahya Safari Roya Safari-faramani Mahdi Safdarian Sare Safi Saeid Safiri Khalid Altirkawi Rajesh Sagar Amirhossein Sahebkar Mohammad Ali Sahraian Haniye Sadat Sajadi Mohamadreza Salahshoor Nasir Salam Joseph S. Salama Payman Salamati Raphael de Freitas Saldanha Zikria Saleem Nelson Alvis-Guzman Yahya Salimi Hamideh Salimzadeh Joshua A. Salomon Sundeep Santosh Salvi Inbal Salz Evanson Zondani Sambala Abdallah M. Samy Juan Sanabria Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño Itamar S. Santos Azmeraw T. Amare Milena m Santric Milicevic Bruno Piassi Sao Jose Mayank Sardana Abdur Razzaque Sarker Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez Satish Saroshe Nizal Sarrafzadegan Benn Sartorius Shahabeddin Sarvi Brijesh Sathian Nooshin Abbasi Walid Ammar Maheswar Satpathy Arundhati R. Sawant Monika Sawhney Sonia Saxena Elke Schaeffner Kathryn Schelonka Ione J. C. Schneider David C. Schwebel Falk Schwendicke Soraya Seedat Nahla Hamed Anber Mario Sekerija Sadaf G. Sepanlou Edson Serván-Mori Hosein Shabaninejad Katya Anne Shackelford Azadeh Shafieesabet Amira A. Shaheen Masood Ali Shaikh Raad A. Shakir Mehran Shams-Beyranvand Catalina Liliana Andrei Mohammadbagher Shamsi Morteza Shamsizadeh Heidar Sharafi Kiomars Sharafi Mehdi Sharif Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini Jayendra Sharma Rajesh Sharma Jun She Aziz Sheikh Sofia Androudi Peilin Shi Kenji Shibuya Mika Shigematsu Rahman Shiri Reza Shirkoohi Ivy Shiue Farhad Shokraneh Sharvari Rahul Shukla Si Si Soraya Siabani Megbaru Debalkie Animut Abla Mehio Sibai Tariq J. Siddiqi Inga Dora Sigfusdottir Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir Naris Silpakit Diego Augusto Santos Silva João Pedro Silva Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam Jasvinder A. Singh Hossein Ansari Narinder Pal Singh Virendra Singh Dhirendra Narain Sinha Karen Sliwa Adauto Martins Soares Filho Badr Hasan Sobaih Soheila Sobhani Moslem Soofi Joan B. Soriano Ireneous N. Soyiri Mustafa Geleto Ansha Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy Vladimir I. Starodubov Caitlyn Steiner Leo G. Stewart Mark A. Stokes Mark Strong Michelle L. Subart Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan Gerhard Sulo Bruno F. Sunguya Carl Abelardo T. Antonio Patrick John Sur Ipsita Sutradhar Bryan L. Sykes P. N. Sylaja Dillon O. Sylte Cassandra E. I. Szoeke Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos Karen M. Tabb Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla Nikhil Tandon Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah Aberash Abay Tassew Segen Gebremeskel Tassew Nuno Taveira Nega Yimer Tawye Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Tigist Gashaw Tekalign Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle Mohamad-Hani Temsah Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi Manaye Yihune Teshale Olatunde Aremu Belay Tessema Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Jarnail Singh Thakur Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan Sathish Thirunavukkarasu Nihal Thomas Alan J. Thomson Binyam Tilahun Quyen G. To Marcello Tonelli Hedayat Abbastabar Habtamu Abera Areri Roman Topor-Madry Anna E. Torre Miguel Tortajada-Girbés Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone Hideaki Toyoshima Bach Xuan Tran Khanh Bao Tran Srikanth Prasad Tripathy Thomas Clement Truelsen Nu Thi Truong Nicholas Arian Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik Amanuel Tsegay Nikolaos Tsilimparis Lorainne Tudor Car Kingsley N. Ukwaja Irfan Ullah Muhammad Shariq Usman Olalekan A. Uthman Selen Begüm Uzun Muthiah Vaduganathan Johan Ärnlöv Afsane Vaezi Gaurang Vaidya Pascual R. Valdez Elena Varavikova Santosh Varughese Tommi Juhani Vasankari Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian Santos Villafaina Francesco S. Violante Al Artaman Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov Vasily Vlassov Stein Emil Vollset Theo Vos Kia Vosoughi Isidora s Vujcic Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew Yasir Waheed Judd L. Walson Yanping Wang Krishna K. Aryal Yuan-Pang Wang Elisabete Weiderpass Robert G. Weintraub Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs Andrea Werdecker Ronny Westerman Harvey Whiteford Justyna Widecka Katarzyna Widecka Tissa Wijeratne Hamid Asayesh Andrea Sylvia Winkler Charles Shey Wiysonge Charles D. A. Wolfe Shouling Wu Grant M. A, Wyper Gelin Xu Tomohide Yamada Yuichiro Yano Mehdi Yaseri Yasin Jemal Yasin Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw Pengpeng Ye Gökalp Kadri Yentür Alex Yeshaneh Ebrahim m Yimer Paul Yip Engida Yisma Naohiro Yonemoto Seok-jun Yoon Marcel Yotebieng Mustafa Z. Younis Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom Mahmoud Yousefifard Chuanhua Yu Vesna Zadnik Zoubida Zaidi Sojib Bin Zaman Mohammad Zamani Zohreh Zare Mulugeta Molla Zeleke Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe Taddese Alemu Zerfu Reza Assadi Xueying Zhang Xiu-ju Zhao Maigeng Zhou Jun Zhu Stephanie R. M. Zimsen Sanjay Zodpey Leo Zoeckler Alan D. Lopez Stephen S. Lim Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
População Coeficiente de natalidade Fertilidade Carga global da doença Registros de mortalidade |
topic |
População Coeficiente de natalidade Fertilidade Carga global da doença Registros de mortalidade |
description |
Contexto: As estimativas populacionais sustentam a investigação demográfica e epidemiológica e são utilizadas para acompanhar o progresso em numerosos indicadores internacionais de saúde e desenvolvimento. Até à data, as estimativas de população e fertilidade disponíveis internacionalmente, embora úteis, não foram produzidas com métodos transparentes e replicáveis e não utilizam estimativas padronizadas de mortalidade. Apresentamos estimativas de fertilidade e população por sexo com um único ano civil e um único ano de idade com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Métodos: Estimamos a população em 195 locais por ano de idade e ano civil de 1950 a 2017 com métodos padronizados e replicáveis. Baseámos as estimativas na equação de equilíbrio demográfico, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade, população e migração. Os dados de fertilidade vieram de 7.817 locais-anos de dados de registro vital, 429 pesquisas relatando históricos completos de nascimentos e 977 pesquisas e censos relatando históricos resumidos de nascimentos. Estimamos as taxas de fertilidade específicas por idade (ASFRs; o número anual de nascidos vivos de mulheres de uma faixa etária específica por 1.000 mulheres nessa faixa etária) usando a regressão do processo gaussiano espaço-temporal e usamos as ASFRs para estimar as taxas de fertilidade total (TFRs; o número médio de filhos que uma mulher teria se sobrevivesse até o final da idade reprodutiva [idade 10-54 anos] e experimentasse em cada idade um conjunto específico de ASFRs observados no ano de interesse). Devido à escassez de dados, a fertilidade nas idades de 10-14 anos e 50-54 anos foi estimada a partir de dados sobre fertilidade em mulheres de 15-19 anos e 45-49 anos, através da utilização de regressão linear. Os dados de mortalidade específicos por idade vieram das estimativas de 2017 do Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Os dados sobre a população vieram de 1.257 censos e 761 locais-anos de registro populacional e foram ajustados para subenumeração e declaração incorreta de idade com métodos demográficos padrão. A migração foi estimada com o modelo de equilíbrio demográfico Bayesiano do GBD, após incorporar informações sobre a migração de refugiados no modelo anterior. As estimativas finais da população utilizaram o método de componente de coorte de projecção populacional, com dados de fertilidade, mortalidade e migração. A incerteza populacional foi estimada pelo uso de testes de validade preditiva fora da amostra. Com estes dados, estimámos as tendências da população por idade e sexo e da fertilidade por idade entre 1950 e 2017 em 195 países e territórios. Constatações: De 1950 a 2017, as TFT diminuíram 49,4% (intervalo de incerteza [UI] de 95% 46,4–52,0). A TFT diminuiu de 4,7 nascidos vivos (4,5–4,9) para 2,4 nascidos vivos (2,2–2,5), e a ASFR das mães com idade entre 10–19 anos diminuiu de 37 nascidos vivos (34–40 ) para 22 nascidos vivos (19–24) por 1.000 mulheres. Apesar das reduções na TFT, a população global tem aumentado em média 83,8 milhões de pessoas por ano desde 1985. A população global aumentou 197,2% (193,3–200,8) desde 1950, de 2,6 mil milhões (2,5–2,6) a 7,6 mil milhões (7,4–7,9) de pessoas em 2017; grande parte deste aumento ocorreu na proporção da população global no sul da Ásia e na África Subsaariana. A taxa anual global de crescimento populacional aumentou entre 1950 e 1964, quando atingiu o pico de 2,0%; esta taxa permaneceu quase constante até 1970 e depois diminuiu para 1,1% em 2017. As taxas de crescimento populacional no sudeste da Ásia, leste da Ásia e Oceania na super-região do GBD diminuíram de 2,5% em 1963 para 0,7% em 2017, enquanto na África Subsariana, as taxas de crescimento populacional estiveram quase nos níveis mais elevados registados de sempre em 2017, quando eram de 2,7%. A idade média global aumentou de 26,6 anos em 1950 para 32,1 anos em 2017, e a proporção da população em idade ativa (15-64 anos) aumentou de 59,9% para 65,3%. A nível nacional, a TFR diminuiu em todos os países e territórios entre 1950 e 2017; em 2017, as TFT variaram entre um mínimo de 1,0 nados vivos (95% UI 0,9–1,2) em Chipre e um máximo de 7,1 nados vivos (6,8–7,4) no Níger. A TFT com menos de 25 anos (TFU25; número de nascidos vivos esperados até os 25 anos para uma mulher hipotética que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFRs atuais) em 2017 variou de 0,08 nascidos vivos (0,07–0,09) na Coreia do Sul para 2,4 nados vivos (2,2–2,6) no Níger, e a TFT acima dos 30 anos (TFO30; número de nados vivos esperados para uma mulher hipotética com idade entre 30 e 54 anos que sobreviveu à faixa etária e foi exposta aos ASFR actuais) variou entre um mínimo de 0,3 nados vivos (0,3–0,4) em Porto Rico e um máximo de 3,1 nados vivos (3,0–3,2) no Níger. O TFO30 foi superior ao TFU25 em 145 países e territórios em 2017. 33 países tiveram uma taxa de crescimento populacional negativa de 2010 a 2017, a maioria dos quais localizada na Europa Central, Oriental e Ocidental, enquanto taxas de crescimento populacional superiores a 2,0 % foram observadas em 33 dos 46 países da África Subsaariana. Em 2017, menos de 65% da população nacional estava em idade activa em 12 dos 34 países de rendimento elevado, e menos de 50% da população nacional estava em idade activa no Mali, no Chade e no Níger. Interpretação: As tendências populacionais criam dividendos demográficos e obstáculos (ou seja, benefícios e prejuízos económicos) que afectam as economias nacionais e determinam as necessidades de planeamento nacional. Embora as TFT estejam a diminuir, a população mundial continua a crescer à medida que a mortalidade diminui, com padrões diversos a nível nacional e entre grupos etários. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo a fornecer estimativas transparentes e replicáveis da população e da fertilidade, que podem ser utilizadas para informar a tomada de decisões e monitorizar o progresso. Financiamento: Fundação Bill e Melinda Gates. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 2024-03-14T14:30:56Z 2024-03-14T14:30:56Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5 1474-547X http://hdl.handle.net/1843/65841 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-575X |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5 http://hdl.handle.net/1843/65841 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-575X |
identifier_str_mv |
1474-547X |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
The Lancet |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brasil ENF - DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRIÇÃO MED - DEPARTAMENTO DE CLÍNICA MÉDICA UFMG |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brasil ENF - DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRIÇÃO MED - DEPARTAMENTO DE CLÍNICA MÉDICA UFMG |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMG instname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) instacron:UFMG |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) |
instacron_str |
UFMG |
institution |
UFMG |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@ufmg.br |
_version_ |
1816829575253983232 |