“Quantos mais vão precisar morrer para que essa guerra acabe?”: criação, desafios e desmonte do Programa de Proteção aos Defensores de Direitos Humanos frente ao retorno do autoritarismo brasileiro

• Autor(a) principal: Freire Júnior, Antônio de Freitas
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/27101
• topic: Defensores de direitos humanos; Política pública; Movimentos populares; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos; Violência; Human rights defenders; Public policy; Popular movements; Inter-American Court of Human Rights; Violence; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO

Looking at the data provided by the reports written by the international and domestical non-governmental organizations about the violence against human rights defenders, as well as the thematic reports from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it is possible to observe that Brazil is, undoubtedly, one of the most violent countries against this group, which is the victim of several manifestations of violence. Despite the existence of international recommendations and obligations imposed on the Brazilian State about the subject within its scope in the Inter-American System, the mechanisms adopted internally for the protection of human rights defenders lack of full effectiveness for its final goal. Among those mechanisms, the present research has the Program for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders as its focus of study, whose general objective focuses on the analysis of the normative, political and institutional evolution of the referred public policy between the period from 2004 to 2021. According to the data related to the growing wave of violence against the group we’re studying, we question: what are the Program’s legal and social political impacts for the agenda of the protection of human rights defenders, considering its legal, political and institutional evolution, between the years of 2004 and 2021, and its attempt of dismantle after the year of 2017? Driven by learning and methodological reasons, the research divides the Program for the Protection’s time analysis in three phases: the creation, which period covers the years of 2004 until 2012; the attempts to consolidate the Program and the claims for its reform, between the years 2013 to 2016; and, lastly, the phase of its dismantle, which begins in the second semester of 2016 and remains until the publication of this master’s thesis. Methodologically, the research intends to face the proposed problem from a theoretical, normative and social analysis, based on reports and criticisms made by popular movements and sectors of organized civil society about the subject related to the protection of human rights defenders and, thus, analyzing specifically the evolution of the public policy as an institutional result of the claims made by those collective subjects. In the end, it is possible to observe the importance of strengthening the Program for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, keeping in mind the importance of human rights defenders for the assurance, development and claiming for better living conditions for various vulnerable groups. At the same time, we conclude that the Program for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders represents a “background” of the main popular claims around the human rights agenda throughout its existence: during the first phase of the public policy (2004 – 2012), it is possible to understand its launch as an institutional response to claims about the necessary protection of human rights defenders in the reason of the scenario of violence over the last few decades. In the second phase, between 2013 and 2016, the criticisms of popular movements announced serious problems related to the effectiveness and the scope of the Program, regarding the protection of its potential beneficiaries. Finally, the third phase (2017 – 2021) shows that the dismantling of the public policy coincides with the resurgence of the scenario of violence against popular movements and human rights defenders, who became marginalized and seen as “internal enemies”, weakening the entire human rights agenda at an institutional level in the Brazilian State.