Adubação orgânica e bioestimulante na morfofisiologia nutrição e prdoução de pimentão no semiárido paraibano

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Ramon Freire da
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29646
• topic: Capsicum annuum; esterco bovino; substâncias húmicas; semiárido; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS

Organic certification in family farming companies, mainly in the Northeast region, currently presents, as an obstacle, the obtaining of fertilizers from organic sources, which make it possible, in addition to meeting the inherent needs of soil management and crops in production, not to compromise economic activity, due to the high costs of obtaining, which can compromise the rural enterprise. Thus, in organic production companies, fertilization must be well managed to enable excellent productive gains, providing nutrients in a rational way, in addition to maintaining the structure of the soil, enabling better water retention. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate doses of bovine manure associated with humic substances to promote nutrition, morphophysiological alterations and production in bell pepper. The experimental units consisted of 4 plants. 12 treatments were evaluated, in 4 cazualized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme with 4 doses of bovine manure (8,0; 18,0; 28,0 and 38,0 t ha-1) and 3 doses of humic substances in proportion 1 :10 (m:v) corresponding to 0; 8 and 12 kg ha-1, totaling 48 experimental plots. The humic substances influenced the productive characteristics of the pepper, obtaining maximum values of average fruit weight (133,65 g) and fruit diameter (75,73 mm) applying 8 t ha-1 of manure associated with 8 kg ha-1 of humic substances, corresponding to an increase of 13,12 and 5,63% respectively, as well as the maximum value of fruit length (80,94 mm) was obtained by applying 8 t ha-1 of manure associated with 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances (7,03% increase). In terms of production, maximum production of 1,2 kg per plant and 43 t ha-1 was obtained by applying 38 t ha-1 of manure associated with 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances, resulting in a productive increase of 10 and 19,44%, respectively. The maximum nutritional levels of P (2,4 g kg-1) of the leaf were obtained by applying 38 t ha-1 of manure associated with 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances, the maximum levels of K (24,5 g kg-1) were obtained applying 38 t ha-1, however, organic fertilization did not significantly influence leaf nitrogen contents. Gas exchange was stimulated by humic substances, with an increase in net photosynthesis (34,2%) and stomatal conductance (12,7%) when 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances were applied; maximum value of internal carbon concentration (268,1 µmol mol-1) was obtained by applying 8 t ha-1 of manure; maximum transpiration rate (5,27 mol H2O m-2 s- 1) was obtained by applying 38 t ha-1 of manure associated with 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances, resulting in an increase of 42,4%. In addition, increases were obtained in the instantaneous efficiencies of water use (15,87%), instantaneous efficiencies of carboxylation (37,37%), applying 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances and effective conversion of absorbed energy (23,53%)applying 8 kg ha-1 of humic substances; leaf chlorophyll a levels were influenced by humic substances, resulting in an increase of 3,35%, applying 38 t ha-1 of manure associated with 12 kg ha-1 of humic substances. Humic substances stimulated positive morphophysiological responses of bell pepper, which positively impacted fruit production. Therefore, biostimulants composed of humic substances are an ecologically viable alternative for the organic management of bell pepper.