Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover

• Autor(a) principal: Ellwanger, Joel Henrique
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Fearnside, Philip Martin, Ziliotto, Marina, Valverde Villegas, Jacqueline Maria, Veiga, Ana Beatriz Gorini da, Vieira, Gustavo Fioravanti, Bach, Evelise, Cardoso, Jáder da Cruz, Müller, Nícolas Felipe Drumm, Lopes, Gabriel, Caesar, Lilian, Leal, Bruna Kulmann, Kaminski, Valéria de Lima, Silveira, Etiele de Senna, Spilki, Fernando Rosado, Weber, Matheus Nunes, Almeida, Sabrina Esteves de Matos, Hora, Vanusa Pousada da, Chies, Jose Artur Bogo
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRGS
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/267089
• topic: Floresta amazonica; Biodiversidade; Zoonosis; Spillover; zoonosis

Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identifi cation, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.