Promo??o de autoestima e autocuidado em idosos: avalia??o de uma interven??o psicol?gica online em grupo

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Laiza Ellen Gois
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6561
• topic: Envelhecimento; Autoestima; Autocuidado; Interven??o psicol?gica; Aging; Self- esteem; Self-care; Psychological intervention; Psicologia

The health of the elderly is a theme with a notable interest in contemporary times, given the exponential growth of this segment of the population. Thus, studies related to health promotion during the old age, are shown to be useful and necessary. The present research constituted in an almost experimental study, with a pre and post-test design, and additional qualitative analysis, which evaluated the effects of a group psychological intervention, executed in an online manner, on the measures of self-esteem, self-rated health, self-care, and depression in the elderly. The intervention focused on body self-perception, and the stimulation of an active aging process. Five elderly people of both sexes, with a range of 63 to 77 years of age, residents in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro participated in this research. The study was divided in three phases. In phase 1, an individual semi structured interview with the participants was conducted, in order to gather sociodemographic and clinical data, and also to get to know their perceptions on their own personal health and body image, in addition to evaluate their initial self-care repertoires. Furthermore, the Brazilian version of the following scales were applied: Rosenberg?s Self-Esteem Scale, Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. In phase 2, a Psychological Group Intervention was implemented, which happened in ten group meetings with a phenomenological-existential basis. In phase 3, after the end of the group intervention, the group of the participants were submitted to a new evaluation, with the reapplication of the instruments that were used in Phase 1. The perceptions of the participants on the themes of the study were described, and comparisons were made between the data obtained in Phase 1 and 2, through intragroup and intrasubject analyzes. In regards to the fist evaluation, it was found that the general average and, above all, the scored of the specific elderly people showed, in the post-test, higher levels of self-esteem and self-care, as well as a decrease in the indicative levels of depression. These data indicated potential benefits of the intervention, however, inferential analyzes, using the t-student test of the samples in pairs, pointed out that the intra-group differences found, were not statistically significant. Analysis of individual processes, considering the particularities and the context experienced by each participant, allower a better understanding of the results obtained. Researches regarding the evaluation of group interventions with the elderly are necessary, as a way to encourage the creation of innovative, effective, and efficient health promotion strategies in old age, especially with the approach of psychosocial variables. Further studies with psychological interventions with groups of elderlies are suggested, however, with a larger number of participants and with a control group.