Avifauna em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica, Pira?, RJ

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Tatiane Lima da
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2519
• topic: diversidade; pontos de escuta; redes de neblina.; diversity; point counts; mist nets; Biologia Geral

The Atlantic Rainforest is currently one of the most threatened biomes, considered global priority of conservation. Most of its forest remnants are in the form of small fragments. Forest fragmentation processes can lead to negative consequences for avifauna, such as the loss of specialized species, and increase in the proportion of opportunistic species. This study aimed to survey birds in forest fragments located in three private properties: Ip? Grange (IG), Monumento Grange (MG) and Fortaleza Farm (FF), located in Cacaria, Pira?, RJ. In the first chapter, a comparison was performed for the bird communities of the three sites regarding richness, frequency of occurrence, composition, abundance, diversity, equability and trophic guilds. In the second chapter, the biology of birds captured in mist networks in terms of capture and effort rate, seasonality, morphometric variation, body mass, feather molting and incubation plate were analyzed. The mist nets survey was conducted between August 2015 and February 2017, in which ten mist nets were opened from 06:00 a.m. to 17:00 p.m. Eight, eleven and nine field days were dispensed in SI, SM and FF, respectively. Four points counts were sampled in each fragment monthly between May 2016 and April 2017. A total of 205 species were recorded, with FF displaying the highest richness (147 sp) and the second highest diversity (H' = 4.38), MG displayed the second highest richness (130 sp) and the highest diversity (H' = 4.42), followed by IG, with the lowest wealth (122 sp) and diversity (H' = 4.26). Species composition varied significantly among the three sampled areas (F = 5,15; p = 0,0002), with each site presenting a different composition in relation to the others. A predominance of insectivorous and omnivorous species was observed in the three fragments. A total of 252 individuals were captured, distributed between 77 bird species. The dry season presented a higher catch rate (10.5%) when compared to the rainy season (6.6%), revealing a seasonal pattern. The highest body mass was observed for Leptotila rufaxilla (187.4g ? 16.72; n = 7,) and the lowest for Hylocharis cyanus (0.6g; n = 1). Beak length and total length presented the highest and the lowest coefficient of variation, respectively. When analyzing morphometric variations between sexes, in Manacus manacus, only wing, tail and tarsal length were significantly different. Of the total number of captured individuals, 71 (28.3%) displayed a brood patch and 37 (14.6%) were molting. The brood patch and molting were associated with season (?2 = 20.627; p = 0.000005 and ?2 = 8.363; p = 0.0038, respectively). In 16 individuals (6.34%), a molt and brood patch overlap was found, with molt associated with the brood patch (?2 = 4.408; p = 0.035). Although the study area was represented by small forest fragments with a certain degree of environmental impact, a significant local diversity was found, with the presence of endemic and endangered species.