O lugar da América Latina na disputa hegemônica entre os Estados Unidos e a China

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Ian Filipe Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/15509
• topic: Ralações Internacionais; Ensino de relações internacionais; Hegemonia; Estados Unidos; China; América Latina; Política externa; Hegemony; United States; China; Latin America; Foreign Policy; OUTROS::RELACOES INTERNACIONAIS

This work seeks to analyze the foreign policy agendas of the United States and China in the last ten years, focusing on economic aspects and the main political interests of the two countries in the region, seeking to investigate the insertion of Latin America in a context of hegemonic dispute between the two powers. For this, the period between 2010 and 2020 will be considered, marked by the global economic crisis and the rise of China to the position of second world economy, as a possible substitute for the U.S. in its role as hegemon. It seeks to analyze the relations between Latin America and the two powers in order to understand the place of the region in a period of competition between the two countries. The research has an exploratory, qualitative nature and used bibliographic and documental research. The literature review on the researched theme was the basis of the research, and was corroborated with data taken from the online platforms of ECLAC and the WTO. The primary documents used for the analysis of U.S. foreign policy were the National Security Strategies of 2010 (NSS-2010) and 2017 (NSS-2017); the U.S. Southern Command Strategy of 2019; President Barack Obama's speeches at the 2012 and 2015 Summits of the Americas; speeches by former U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and former National Security Advisor John Bolton. For China's foreign policy, we used the 2016 policy paper on Latin America and the Caribbean; the Beijing Declaration and the ChinaCELAC Forum Cooperation Plan; speeches by former President Hu Jintao, and current President Xi Jinping. The work was divided into three chapters, besides the introduction and final considerations, being the first chapter dedicated to the discussion about the concept of hegemony in International Relations and the second and third chapters, to the analysis of the foreign policies of the United States and China, respectively. The main results of the research are the characterization of the current period of the international system as a hegemonic competition between the United States and China, and the position of Latin America as a subordinate region in relation to both powers. It is argued that there is a need for better coordination among Latin American countries in order to take advantage of the opportunities arising from the competitive scenario and to avoid the consolidation of a "new Cold War" atmosphere.