Otimização da extração de ficocianina de Spirulina platensis

• Autor(a) principal: Meireles, Heitor Dikson Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8787
• topic: Alga; Proteínas; Extração (Química); Microalga; Ficobiliproteínas; Técnicas de extração; Microalgae; Phycobiliproteins; Extraction techniques

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green photosynthetic microalga that exhibits, in addition to chlorophyll A, pigments: lutein, β-carotene and phycobiliproteins, the main protein being phycocyanin. This phycobiliprotein has important therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, besides having chromophores characteristics that make it promising in the application in diagnostics. Due to its therapeutic and nutritional importance, S. platensis has been the focus of important biotechnological research. Therefore, the objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of phycocyanin from the S. platensis species. The extraction technique employed was dynamic maceration, in addition to pre-treatment techniques (turbo-extraction, ultrasound and microwave). The extraction time for the techniques that were used as pre-treatment was 90 s, while for maceration it was 6, 24 and 48 h. The extraction was carried out using dry and pulverized seaweed, cultivated in the laboratory, with different solvents. Aliquots were collected at certain periods of time, centrifuged and analyzed in a spectrophotometer (615 and 652 nm). The amount of phycocyanin extracted in each condition was then determined. The best extraction technique in terms of yield was used to extract the extract, which was purified using the three-phase partition (TPP). The amount of phycocyanin equivalent to 19.10 ± 3.37 mg/g was obtained as the best result by dynamic maceration (48 h) using distilled water as the extracting solvent, without pretreatment. The association of maceration with other extraction techniques did not prove to be advantageous. Therefore, a high yield of extraction, is still obtained using the classic extractive method, the dynamic maceration. The extract purified by TPP achieved a purity 17% greater than the crude extract. It is also intended to contribute to the introduction of methods of extraction and purification of protein pigment in the pharmaceutical/food market.