Impacto das medidas SPS E TBT adotadas pelo Brasil sobre suas importações do agronegócio

• Autor(a) principal: Caldeira, Valquíria Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/96
• topic: Comércio internacional; Agroindústria - Produtos; Medidas SPS e TBT; Modelo gravitacional; International trade; Agribusiness - Products; SPS measures and TBT; gravity model; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL

Non-tariff measures, in particular Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical (TBT), have expanded its participation in the international trade. These measures may have positive or negative effects on trade. Different studies have been carried out in Brazil in order to analyze the effects of non- tariff measures on trade among Brazil and its international trading partners. The studies on this theme are incipient, regarding such effects of measures taken by Brazil on imports of agribusiness. Thus, this study focused on the effects of TBT and SPS regulatory measures issued by Brazil to the agribusiness sector for imported products selected in the period from 2000 to 2011. The hypothesis underlying this research is that the SPS and TBT measures had distinct impact in the analyzed period. Overall, the objective of this work was to analyze the impact of the application of SPS and TBT measures by Brazil for some agribusiness products in the period from 2000 to 2011. It was specifically aimed to identifying and to analyzing notifications to the SPS and TBT agreements that had effect on agribusiness products imported by Brazil and to evaluate the impact of SPS and TBT measures imposed by Brazil for each year of the analysis. The references used in this study were based on the theories of regulatory barriers to international trade and theories of gravity model. The methodology used a gravity model, whose equation was estimated by the nonlinear Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood - PPML method which allows the inclusion of null values in the dependent variable, a behavior present in this work. The sample was obtained from 68 countries as trade partners of Brazil for the period from 2000 to 2011. The results of the descriptive analysis of the notifications indicated that the largest number of SPS notifications was intended for the dairy sector and natural rubber stood out for TBT. As for the objectives of the notifications, food safety and animal health stand out for SPS measures and the highlighted objectives for TBT are human protection of animal/plant pest or diseases and food safety. Regarding the econometric results, it was concluded that the SPS notifications facilitated trade in some years and restricted it in others. The same happened with the TBT notifications, the trade measures were positive in some years, favoring Brazilian imports and in other years, the measures restricted trade. The hypothesis of this work regarding the distinct effect of measures was accepted since the notifications favored trade in some years and in others, they limited it. Regarding SPS measures, the years 2000, 2009 and 2011 had positive effects on trade and only 2003 had a negative effect; in the case of TBT measures, the years of 2004 and 2006 had a negative effect on trade, and the year 2011 had effect was positive. The analysis developed in this work allows to conclude that non-tariff measures may contribute both positively and negatively to trade among countries, and that these can often lead companies to pursue innovation and more competitiveness, enabling the placement of products with higher quality in the market in order to meet a growing demand from consumers who are more and more demanding. Increased discussion of the SPS and TBT measures can assist government policies to increase the informative nature of the measures imposed, since a greater informative regulations has a positive effect on trade.