Medidas não tarifárias e comércio internacional agrícola: os efeitos dos objetivos das notificações aplicadas aos acordos TBT e SPS

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Fernanda Maria de
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/149
• topic: Medidas não tarifárias; Comércio internacional; Notificações SPS; Non tariff measures; International trade; SPS notifications; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL

Currently, non-tariff measures, in particular the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical (TBT), are among the most regulatory measures used by countries in international trade. Such measures are characterized by having broad diversity with regard to the kinds of requirements. Given the importance that agricultural products have on the international market, this study aimed to assess the effects of the SPS and TBT applied notifications on International Trade in agricultural products more prominent in the export of Brazil, between 1996 and 2010. Specifically, identify and analyze the objectives of the requirements contained in the notifications to the TBT and SPS agreements on international trade in agricultural products and to verify the effects of such requirements on such marketing. The theoretical framework used was based on theories of regulatory measures on international trade in a model that explains and describes the foundation of equations of gravity. As methodology, was used gravity equations estimated by the method of maximum likelihood with Sample Selection. Through descriptive analysis of the evolution of the notifications, it was found that the largest number of SPS notifications was intended to trade soy, beef and chicken, and for TBT soybeans, tobacco and sugar. As for goals, among which stood out in the SPS notifications met food safety and protection of human pests and diseases. As for TBT notifications, was the safety of food, protection from pests and human diseases and labeling. Regarding the econometric results, it was found that the requirements directed to the increase of information to consumers favored a positive trade of most agricultural products under review, such as sugar cane, coffee, tobacco, beef and chicken. On the other hand showed no effects have been standardized in regard to the requirements linked directly to human health or the technical measures, namely, they were generally ambiguous. For some products such as soybean oil, measures aiming at food security, for example, affect trade in a positive way, and for others in a negative way (sugar) or null (tobacco). Given this ambiguity and the fact that trade in products benefited from the measures with the objective labeling, this work conclude that trade policies and business strategies can be used to disseminate the package of measures adopted to meet the other goals contained in the notifications , so that the gains from trade, those products for which the effects of different objectives were negative or zero, are magnified. Considering this, the results contribute to the expansion of information about the effects of disaggregated reports on trade of various agricultural products and their respective sensitivities of the different requirements imposed on the international market.