Caracterização da atividade e do potencial proteolítico de Pseudomonas spp. isolados de leite de cabra

• Autor(a) principal: Yamazi, Anderson Keizo
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5124
• topic: Leite de cabra; Pseudomonas spp.; Proteólise; Goat milk; Pseudomonas spp.; Proteolysis; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA::INSPECAO DE PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL

The application of refrigeration as a tool to preserve the microbiological quality of goat milk during storage and transportation determined the selection of a microbiota typically psychrotrophic in this product. Psychrotrophic microorganisms are potential producers of proteolytic enzymes, usually characterized by being heat resistant and responsible for the deterioration of milk casein even after heat treatments commonlymused at dairies, such as pasteurization and ultra-high-temperature. Pseudomonas spp. are considered the main psychrotrophic and proteolytic microorganisms present in milk. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of goat milk, obtain autochthonous Pseudomonas spp. isolates of this product and characterize their proteolytic activity. Twelve farms with activity of dairy goat were selected in regions of Muriaé and Viçosa, Minas Gerais, of which 61 samples of goat milk were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis for mesophilic aerobes counts, enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and proteolytic psychrotrophs, and estimatives of total and proteolytic Pseudomonas. The mean counts obtained for the samples were: 5.04 log CFU/mL for mesophilic aerobes, 3.34 log CFU/mL for enterobacteriaceae, 2.85 log CFU/mL for total coliforms, 0.22 log CFU/ml for E. coli, 3.62 log CFU/mL for total psychrotrophs, 2.73 log CFU/mL for proteolytic psychrotrophs, 3.87 log CFU/mL for Pseudomonas, and 3.43 log CFU/mL for proteolytic Pseudomonas. Although the average of mesophilic aerobes was below the limit recommended by the present Brazilian legislation (5.70 log CFU/mL), the samples of goat milk showed high counts of hygiene indicator microorganisms, which shows inadequate hygienic procedures during the different stages of production and storage. In 22 samples of raw milk the counts of proteolytic psychrotrophs accounted for over 50% of the counts of psychrotrophic, indicating the proteolytic potential of this group in goat milk. The same relationship was observed concerning the presence of proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas spp. which in 27 samples this ratio was greater than 50% of the estimated total counts of Pseudomonas. Considering the plates used for enumeration of Pseudomonas, 496 colonies that showed proteolytic activity were selected, purified and the cultures obtained were subjected to the following tests for preliminary identification:morphology by Gram staining, oxidase and glucose fermentation. Based on these results, 107 isolates were initially identified as Pseudomonas spp., and subjected to rep-PCR to characterize their genetic profiles. Considering similarity rates between 80 and 85%, 33 different genetic profiles were characterized; 36 isolates showed no genetic profile with the rep-PCR protocol used. The isolates were also subjected to PCR for identification in species level with specific primers for P. aeruginosa (38 isolates identified) and P. fluorescens (4 isolates); 61 isolates showed amplification products for both reactions, and 4 for none, and were considered as Pseudomonas spp. based on the laboratory tests during screening. All isolates were subjected to PCR for detection of the apr gene, responsible for encoding the alkaline metalloprotease enzyme, identifying 41 (38.3%) positives. Even isolates that showed no apr gene were capable of producing proteolytic enzymes at 7, 25 or 35 °C; all isolates were able to produce proteases at 25 °C, 72 at 7° and 85 at 35°C. The results made it possible to determine hygienic shortcomings in the initial stages of the production chain of goat milk, besides the relevant participation of psychrotrophic and proteolytic microorganisms in the microbiota of this product. The proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas spp. isolates of goat milk was characterized due to the presence of the apr gene and the proteolytic activity at different incubation temperatures.