Uso agrícola de biossólidos: análise crítica da Resolução CONAMA 375/2006 na perspectiva da metodologia de avaliação quantitativa de risco microbiológico

• Autor(a) principal: Magalhães, Tiago de Brito
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3782
• topic: Biossólidos; Risco ocupacional; Risco ao consumidor; Patógenos; Indicadores; Biosolids; Occupational risk; Pathogens; Indicators; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO BASICO::RESIDUOS SOLIDOS, DOMESTICOS E INDUSTRIAIS

The present study aimed to criticize, from the perspective of microbial risk assessment to human health, the Brazilian piece of regulation on agricultural use of biosolids (Conama Resolution 375/2006). The first chapter presents the results of field experiments involving the application of biosolids produced by sewage sludge drying in a greenhouse to grow vegetables eaten raw: 15 greenhouse experiments with lettuce, carrot and kale using biosolids with different levels of microbiological quality. The dilution effect from the mixing of biosolids containing 8.1 to 2x106 E.coli (g TS)-1 and 0.45 to 1.52 viable Ascaris eggs per g TS in the soil, resulted, nearly always, in the 'disappearance' of viable eggs of Ascaris and reductions of 1-3 log units of E. coli. The decay of E. coli in the soil during the growing period was intense, with Kb20 decay coefficients between 0.0283 and 0.1543 d-1, and reaching concentrations around 10 E. coli (g TS)-1, with a few exceptions, in less than 21 days after planting. The use of biosolids with up to 2x106 E. coli (g TS)-1 resulted in contamination levels well below the Brazilian microbiological standard for vegetables consumed raw (102 Ct.g-1). The second chapter involved the application of Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) methodology, whose models were formulated based on the results from the field experiments complemented with information from the literature. We have defined three classes of biosolids in terms of Salmonella, rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Ascaris lumbricoides and the risk of infection associated with these pathogens were estimated for three exposure scenarios: consumption of vegetables produced with biosolids, accidental ingestion of biosolids particles during its application in planting activities, and ingestion of particles of soil fertilized with biosolids in agricultural activities during cultivation. The results showed that the consumer‟s risk estimates were, in general, low. On the other hand, the risk estimates associated with occupational activities of biosolids application without any protection measures for workers were high. In turn, occupational hazards were shown to be controllable when allowing time to elapse between the last application of the biosolids in the soil and cultivation. It is concluded that the results point out aspects of the Resolution Conama 375/2006 ought to be revised, such as the restrictions on the use of the two classes of biosolids, as well as the very defining criteria of the microbiological quality of these classes.