Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
Data de Publicação: 2011
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/559
Resumo: A growing worldwide demand for lumber, together with favorable edaphoclimatic aspects contribute to make Brazil a primary player on the world stage, which increases the influence of the country when making decisions regarding the forestry sector. Harvest represents the final operating of a forest production cycle, in which products are obtained with higher added value, constituting one of the factors that determine the profitability of forests and is considered an extremely important activity. Moreover, it is a highly complex activity, which is influenced by several factors that directly interfere on the form in which operations are executed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to conduct the evaluation of two harvester models for collecting eucalyptus wood, with regard to technical aspects, cost and environmental concerns. The study evaluated the operation of eucalyptus cutting, including the activities of felling and processing of 6 year old trees, the short log system with cutting of logs in 6 m lengths using two harvester models considering the characteristics related to forest type, cost, efficiency, operability and environmental aspects in areas located in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, specifically in the municipalities of Conceição Barra ES and Caravelas BA. Two harvester models were evaluated, Komatsu PC-228 SHO and PC-200 LC, with forestry setup, crawler treads and equipped with the Tier III motor. Information referring to the evaluated characteristics of mechanized forestry harvest was collected over a period of six months from March to August 2010. For technical and economic evaluation, the sampling method used was census (100% sampling) for the study period (March to August 2010). In the technical evaluation, yield, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency and realization of the study of times and movements were determined. Operating costs of the two harvesters were calculated by the accounting method for evaluation of costs, which utilizes estimated values in real. Also performed was a sensitivity analysis of costs for the elements that contribute most to the final cost. The environmental assessment was unique for the two harvester models using a quali-quantitative matrix method of environmental impacts. Assessment of the impacts included the physical, biotic and anthropic environments, using the description of the significant environmental impacts and considering Brazilian legislation. During the technical evaluation it was observed that the average productivity in the study period was 18.57 m³/hr for the PC 200 and 19.88 m³/hour for the PC 228. The greatest mechanical availability was observed for the PC 200, with an average of 91.09% while the average observed for the PC 228 was 80.47% and the operating efficiency of the PC 200 was also found to be considerably higher than the PC 228. During the study of times and movements it was observed that the average processing time was 10.41 seconds per tree for the PC 200 and 14.90 seconds for the PC 228. Comparing the two models it was observed that the PC 200 was superior to the PC 228 in all parameters, except yield (m³/hour). In the economic evaluation it was found the operating costs of the PC 200 and PC 228 models were R$ 156.95 and R$ 168.84 per effective hour, respectively. In respect to total operating costs, the most significant costs were: fuel, maintenance, and repairs and depreciation, accounting for 24.41%, 22.39% and 19.08% respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, simulating a situation in which the company obtains an economy of 10% in each of these items may result in a reduction in production costs by 7% for both evaluated machines. In relation to environmental impacts 14 were identified, where a greater number of negative (11) than positive (3) environmental impacts have been observed. The three environmental compartments presented similar results for the number of related impacts, being 5 in the physical environment, 5 in the biotic environment and 4 in the anthropic environment. It was techno-economically concluded that the PC 200 possesses significant advantages over the PC 228 to carry out forest work. Environmentally, it was determined that cutting with the forest harvester is striking for all environments considered: physical, biotic and anthropic.
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spelling Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0518581176790468Minette, Luciano Joséhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785551D5Silva, Eliashttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798029H5Machado, Carlos Cardosohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787052D7Jacovine, Laércio Antonio Gonçalveshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723889U0Fernandes, Haroldo Carloshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761460E6Fiedler, Nilton Césarhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721645H42015-03-26T12:27:09Z2012-03-282015-03-26T12:27:09Z2011-05-13PAULA, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de. Technical, economical and environmental evaluation of two forestry harvester models. 2011. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/559A growing worldwide demand for lumber, together with favorable edaphoclimatic aspects contribute to make Brazil a primary player on the world stage, which increases the influence of the country when making decisions regarding the forestry sector. Harvest represents the final operating of a forest production cycle, in which products are obtained with higher added value, constituting one of the factors that determine the profitability of forests and is considered an extremely important activity. Moreover, it is a highly complex activity, which is influenced by several factors that directly interfere on the form in which operations are executed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to conduct the evaluation of two harvester models for collecting eucalyptus wood, with regard to technical aspects, cost and environmental concerns. The study evaluated the operation of eucalyptus cutting, including the activities of felling and processing of 6 year old trees, the short log system with cutting of logs in 6 m lengths using two harvester models considering the characteristics related to forest type, cost, efficiency, operability and environmental aspects in areas located in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, specifically in the municipalities of Conceição Barra ES and Caravelas BA. Two harvester models were evaluated, Komatsu PC-228 SHO and PC-200 LC, with forestry setup, crawler treads and equipped with the Tier III motor. Information referring to the evaluated characteristics of mechanized forestry harvest was collected over a period of six months from March to August 2010. For technical and economic evaluation, the sampling method used was census (100% sampling) for the study period (March to August 2010). In the technical evaluation, yield, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency and realization of the study of times and movements were determined. Operating costs of the two harvesters were calculated by the accounting method for evaluation of costs, which utilizes estimated values in real. Also performed was a sensitivity analysis of costs for the elements that contribute most to the final cost. The environmental assessment was unique for the two harvester models using a quali-quantitative matrix method of environmental impacts. Assessment of the impacts included the physical, biotic and anthropic environments, using the description of the significant environmental impacts and considering Brazilian legislation. During the technical evaluation it was observed that the average productivity in the study period was 18.57 m³/hr for the PC 200 and 19.88 m³/hour for the PC 228. The greatest mechanical availability was observed for the PC 200, with an average of 91.09% while the average observed for the PC 228 was 80.47% and the operating efficiency of the PC 200 was also found to be considerably higher than the PC 228. During the study of times and movements it was observed that the average processing time was 10.41 seconds per tree for the PC 200 and 14.90 seconds for the PC 228. Comparing the two models it was observed that the PC 200 was superior to the PC 228 in all parameters, except yield (m³/hour). In the economic evaluation it was found the operating costs of the PC 200 and PC 228 models were R$ 156.95 and R$ 168.84 per effective hour, respectively. In respect to total operating costs, the most significant costs were: fuel, maintenance, and repairs and depreciation, accounting for 24.41%, 22.39% and 19.08% respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, simulating a situation in which the company obtains an economy of 10% in each of these items may result in a reduction in production costs by 7% for both evaluated machines. In relation to environmental impacts 14 were identified, where a greater number of negative (11) than positive (3) environmental impacts have been observed. The three environmental compartments presented similar results for the number of related impacts, being 5 in the physical environment, 5 in the biotic environment and 4 in the anthropic environment. It was techno-economically concluded that the PC 200 possesses significant advantages over the PC 228 to carry out forest work. Environmentally, it was determined that cutting with the forest harvester is striking for all environments considered: physical, biotic and anthropic.A crescente demanda mundial por madeira, juntamente com os aspectos edafoclimáticos favoráveis contribuem para que o Brasil tenha papel de destaque no cenário mundial, o que proporciona ao País poder de influência nas decisões relacionadas ao setor florestal. A colheita representa a operação final de um ciclo de produção florestal, na qual são obtidos os produtos de maior valor agregado, constituindo um dos fatores que determinam a rentabilidade florestal, sendo considerada uma atividade extremamente relevante. Além disso, trata-se de uma atividade altamente complexa, que é influenciada por diversos fatores que interferem diretamente na forma de execução das operações. Em função disso, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de realizar a avaliação de dois modelos de harvester, na colheita de madeira de eucalipto, no que se refere aos aspectos técnicos, de custos e ambientais. A pesquisa avaliou a operação do corte de floresta de eucalipto, compreendendo as atividades de derrubada e processamento da árvore, com idade de 6 anos, no sistema de toras curtas, com traçamento em toras de 6 m de comprimento, utilizando-se dois modelos de harvester, considerando-se as características relacionadas ao tipo da floresta; custos; eficiência; operacionalidade e aspectos ambientais, em áreas localizadas ao norte do Estado do Espírito Santo e ao sul da Bahia, especificamente, nos municípios de Conceição da Barra ES e Caravelas BA. Avaliou-se dois modelos de harvester, PC-228 SHO e PC-200 LC, da Komatsu, com configuração florestal, sobre esteiras, equipadas com motor Tier III. As informações referentes às características avaliadas do corte florestal mecanizado foram coletadas durante um período de 6 meses, que compreende os meses de março a agosto de 2010. Para a avaliação técnica e econômica, o método de amostragem utilizada foi o censo (amostragem 100%) para o período avaliado (março a agosto de 2010). Na avaliação técnica determinou-se: produtividade, disponibilidade mecânica, grau de utilização, eficiência operacional e realização do estudo de tempos e movimentos. Na avaliação de custos, calculou-se os custos operacionais dos dois modelos de harvester, pelo método contábil, o qual utiliza valores estimados em reais. Realizou-se ainda a análise de sensibilidade de custos para os elementos que mais contribuem com o custo final. Já a avaliação ambiental ocorreu de forma única para os dois modelos de harvesters com a utilização do método de matriz quali-quantitativa dos impactos ambientais. A avaliação dos impactos abrangeu os meios físico, biótico e antrópico, utilizando a descrição dos impactos ambientais importantes e considerando-se a legislação brasileira vigente. Durante a avaliação técnica observou-se que a produtividade média no período de estudo foi de 18,57 m³/hora para a PC 200, e para a PC 228 19,88 m³/hora. A maior disponibilidade mecânica foi observada na PC 200, com média de 91,09 %, enquanto a média da PC 228 observada foi de 80,47% e a eficiência operacional da PC 200 mostrou-se consideravelmente superior a PC 228. Durante o estudo de tempos e movimentos observou-se que o tempo médio para processamento foi de 10,41 segundos por árvore para a PC 200 e 14,90 segundos para a PC 228. Comparando-se os dois modelos observou-se que a PC 200 mostrou-se superior à PC 228 em todos os parâmetros, a exceção da produtividade (m³/hora). Na avaliação econômica obteve-se o custo operacional para os modelos PC 200 e PC 228 de R$ 156,95 e R$ 168,84 por hora efetiva, respectivamente. Em relação dos custos operacionais totais, os custos mais significativos foram: combustível, manutenção e reparos e depreciação, com 24,41 %, 22,39 % e 19,08 %, respectivamente. Na análise de sensibilidade, simulando uma situação em que a empresa consiga uma economia real de 10% em cada um desses itens, a mesma poderá obter uma redução no custo de produção em 7 %, para as duas máquinas avaliadas. Em relação aos impactos ambientais, identificaram-se 14 impactos ambientais, sendo observados um maior número de impactos negativos (11) ao ambiente do que positivos (3). Os três compartimentos ambientais apresentaram resultado semelhante para o número de impactos relacionados. Foram 5 no meio físico, 5 no meio biótico e 4 no meio antrópico. Técnico-economicamente conclui-se que a PC 200 possui vantagens significativas em relação à PC 228, para realização do trabalho florestal. Ambientalmente, conclui-se que o corte florestal com harvester é impactante para todos os meios considerados: físico, biótico e antrópico.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em Ciência FlorestalUFVBRManejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização deCorte florestalEconomia florestalImpacto ambientalForest harvestForest economyEnvironmental impactCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTALAvaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestalTechnical, economical and environmental evaluation of two forestry harvester modelsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf1881410https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/559/1/texto%20completo.pdf5aa1b99bbeda5d3c9a0cba7f70a88198MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain121676https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/559/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt894aef3f1f917316195e36eb347e9e5cMD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3703https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/559/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpgeaf580b4dcf19a78e929989e3e3871b0MD53123456789/5592016-04-06 23:07:50.022oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/559Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-07T02:07:50LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Technical, economical and environmental evaluation of two forestry harvester models
title Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
spellingShingle Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
Corte florestal
Economia florestal
Impacto ambiental
Forest harvest
Forest economy
Environmental impact
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL
title_short Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
title_full Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
title_fullStr Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
title_full_unstemmed Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
title_sort Avaliação técnica, de custos e ambiental de dois modelos de harvester na colheita florestal
author Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
author_facet Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/0518581176790468
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Minette, Luciano José
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785551D5
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Silva, Elias
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798029H5
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Machado, Carlos Cardoso
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787052D7
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Jacovine, Laércio Antonio Gonçalves
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723889U0
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761460E6
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Fiedler, Nilton César
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721645H4
contributor_str_mv Minette, Luciano José
Silva, Elias
Machado, Carlos Cardoso
Jacovine, Laércio Antonio Gonçalves
Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos
Fiedler, Nilton César
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Corte florestal
Economia florestal
Impacto ambiental
topic Corte florestal
Economia florestal
Impacto ambiental
Forest harvest
Forest economy
Environmental impact
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Forest harvest
Forest economy
Environmental impact
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL
description A growing worldwide demand for lumber, together with favorable edaphoclimatic aspects contribute to make Brazil a primary player on the world stage, which increases the influence of the country when making decisions regarding the forestry sector. Harvest represents the final operating of a forest production cycle, in which products are obtained with higher added value, constituting one of the factors that determine the profitability of forests and is considered an extremely important activity. Moreover, it is a highly complex activity, which is influenced by several factors that directly interfere on the form in which operations are executed. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to conduct the evaluation of two harvester models for collecting eucalyptus wood, with regard to technical aspects, cost and environmental concerns. The study evaluated the operation of eucalyptus cutting, including the activities of felling and processing of 6 year old trees, the short log system with cutting of logs in 6 m lengths using two harvester models considering the characteristics related to forest type, cost, efficiency, operability and environmental aspects in areas located in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, specifically in the municipalities of Conceição Barra ES and Caravelas BA. Two harvester models were evaluated, Komatsu PC-228 SHO and PC-200 LC, with forestry setup, crawler treads and equipped with the Tier III motor. Information referring to the evaluated characteristics of mechanized forestry harvest was collected over a period of six months from March to August 2010. For technical and economic evaluation, the sampling method used was census (100% sampling) for the study period (March to August 2010). In the technical evaluation, yield, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency and realization of the study of times and movements were determined. Operating costs of the two harvesters were calculated by the accounting method for evaluation of costs, which utilizes estimated values in real. Also performed was a sensitivity analysis of costs for the elements that contribute most to the final cost. The environmental assessment was unique for the two harvester models using a quali-quantitative matrix method of environmental impacts. Assessment of the impacts included the physical, biotic and anthropic environments, using the description of the significant environmental impacts and considering Brazilian legislation. During the technical evaluation it was observed that the average productivity in the study period was 18.57 m³/hr for the PC 200 and 19.88 m³/hour for the PC 228. The greatest mechanical availability was observed for the PC 200, with an average of 91.09% while the average observed for the PC 228 was 80.47% and the operating efficiency of the PC 200 was also found to be considerably higher than the PC 228. During the study of times and movements it was observed that the average processing time was 10.41 seconds per tree for the PC 200 and 14.90 seconds for the PC 228. Comparing the two models it was observed that the PC 200 was superior to the PC 228 in all parameters, except yield (m³/hour). In the economic evaluation it was found the operating costs of the PC 200 and PC 228 models were R$ 156.95 and R$ 168.84 per effective hour, respectively. In respect to total operating costs, the most significant costs were: fuel, maintenance, and repairs and depreciation, accounting for 24.41%, 22.39% and 19.08% respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, simulating a situation in which the company obtains an economy of 10% in each of these items may result in a reduction in production costs by 7% for both evaluated machines. In relation to environmental impacts 14 were identified, where a greater number of negative (11) than positive (3) environmental impacts have been observed. The three environmental compartments presented similar results for the number of related impacts, being 5 in the physical environment, 5 in the biotic environment and 4 in the anthropic environment. It was techno-economically concluded that the PC 200 possesses significant advantages over the PC 228 to carry out forest work. Environmentally, it was determined that cutting with the forest harvester is striking for all environments considered: physical, biotic and anthropic.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2011-05-13
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2012-03-28
2015-03-26T12:27:09Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv PAULA, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de. Technical, economical and environmental evaluation of two forestry harvester models. 2011. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/559
identifier_str_mv PAULA, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de. Technical, economical and environmental evaluation of two forestry harvester models. 2011. 83 f. Tese (Doutorado em Manejo Florestal; Meio Ambiente e Conservação da Natureza; Silvicultura; Tecnologia e Utilização de) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.
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