Resistência de cultivares de batata à requeima

• Autor(a) principal: Duarte, Henrique da Silva Silveira
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4370
• topic: Batata; Requeima; Resistência; Fungos fitopatogênicos; Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; Potatoes; Late blight; Resistance; Plant pathogenic fungi; Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is cultivated in more than 100 countries and it is the fourth most cultivated crop in the world. But some diseases can be limitaing to potato growth. The late blight of potato, caused by oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the most important diseases worldwide. Potato resistance to late blight is the most important control measure, although little emphasis has been done for disease resistance. Due to this reason, the objective of this work was to study the level of resistance of potato cultivars to late blight. Trials were conducted in Maria da Fé, in the southern area of the state of Minas Gerais, from march 22 to July 8 of 2008. The experiment design followed a complete block design with 34 treatments (represented by each cultivar) with three replications. The plants were inoculated naturally. Yield (PROD) was evaluated weigthing all the potato tubers of all the plants in each replication. Late blight severity was evaluated in every two days starting when the first symptoms were visible using a descriptive scale. The following epidemiological variables were obtained: late blight severity when the epidemics reached 50 % of the cycle of the cultivar (Y50 CULT); relative area under disease progress curves for each cultivar (RAUDPC CULT); time in days of the first symptoms of the disease in each cultivar, until the severity reaches 100% of disease severity (T100 CULT); time in days of the fist symptoms of the disease in each cultivar until 50% of disease severity (T50 CULT); late blight severity when it reaches half the epidemic for the experiment (Y50 EXP); relative area under disease progress curves for the experiment (RAUDPC EXP); time in days for the first symptoms in the experiment until 100% of disease severity (T100 EXP); time in days for the first symptoms in the experiment until 50% of disease severity (T50 EXP); time in days for the first symptoms in the experiment until 0.5 % of disease severity (T0.5 EXP); rate of disease progress (r) and maximum disease severity (Ymax). The cultivars were grouped in four pre- determined levels of disease resistance to late blight, defined by the Euclidian distance as a measure of dissimilarity and complete linkage as hierarchical clustering. The clone IAC 6090 (Ibituaçu) was classified as Resistant (R). The cultivars Aracy, Aracy Ruiva, Colorado and IAPAR Cristina were classified as Moderately Resistant (MR); Baraka, Baronesa, BRS Ana, BRS Elisa, Caesar, Catucha, Emeraude, Florice, Itararé, Markies, Melody, Naturella, Soléia and Voyager were classified as Moderatly Susceptible (MS); Ágata, Almera, Asterix, Atlantic, Canelle, Chipie, Cupido, Éden, Elodie, Eole, Fontane, Gourmandine, Gredine, Monalisa and Opaline were classified as Susceptible (S) to late blight. The cultivars classified as resistant and moderately resistant are of long cycles whereas those classified as moderated susceptible and susceptible are in the majority of short cycle. In the great majority of the cases the more resistant cultivars to late blight have rough skin whereas those more susceptible have smooth skin. The level of late blight resistance and the duration of the cycle of the cultivar influenced the potato yield. The average yield of the R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 37.8, 17.6, 15.3 and 7.2 t/ha, respectively. The Y50 CULT average of the R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 11.0, 7.3, 9.8 and 16.3%, respectively. The RAUDPC CULT average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 25.0, 27.9, 29.4 and 33.3, respectively. The T100 CULT average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 72.3, 44.8, 34.0 and 29.3 days, respectively. The T50 CULT average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 57.6, 33.2, 24.5 and 19.9 days, respectively. The Y50 EXP average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 8.3, 42.1, 96.5 and 99.8%, respectively. The AACPDR EXP average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S were 24.3, 47.1, 59.9 and 69.0, respectively. The T100 EXP average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 76.3, 53.1, 40.9 and 33.6 days, respectively. The T50 EXP average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 61.6, 41.5, 31.3 and 24.1 days respectively. The T0,5 EXP average of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 22.3, 25.2, 17.8 and 14.2 days, respectively. The average r for the cultivars R, MR, MS and S cultivars were 0.12, 0.26, 0.37 and 0.46, respectively. The average Ymax of the cultivars R, MR, MS and S were 100; 100; 100 e 100%, respectively.