Resfriamento de fornos de carbonização por injeção de vapor d água

• Autor(a) principal: Reis, Hamilton Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3624
• topic: Resfriamento; Carvão vegetal; Cooling; Water vapor; Charcoal; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Charcoal, even being produced and used since the dawn of civilization, still have insufficient knowledge of the different mechanisms of chemical kinetics and heat transfer and mass that occur during the carbonization. What is important to identify the most if not all, the parameters of the carbonization process in the dimensions of wood used in industrial production of charcoal is the way these parameters can interact along the process and quality of coal produced. Charcoal, even under controlled carbonization, there is a chemical compound set, some coals are almost pure carbon, others due to partial processes of carbonization, contains significant amounts of oxygen, hydrogen and organic compounds. An ideal system of coking plant should provide a suitable working condition, establishing strategies to minimize the cycle time of carbonization, without changing the yield and quality of coal produced. In this sense, few technologies have been developed to improve the process. Operating variables and even an oven constructive influence the final quality of the product generated, the temperature of the more important as an influence on the appearance, volume and losses during carbonization, reason why it should be precisely controlled. Through testing thermogravimetric known that the higher the speed of heating required to biomass, the lower the yield of charcoal. There is also that at high heating rates the mass of coal does not stabilize its self-consumption, even if it has reached the temperature of completion of the carbonization. This is because there is a temperature difference between the oven and the inner mass of coal, and such difference is a function of heating rate and the mechanisms of heat transfer and mass within the mass of coal. Thus, the use of steam helps the cooling process and aggregate income, for terminating the selfconsumption, in addition to promote the elimination of gas volatiles present. Thus, the water is a substance readily available and inexpensive chemically aggressive, it is a vehicle that modifies the internal atmosphere of the oven, shock, temperature variations and acts as a vector for transport of thermal energy, which explains its spread as a fire extinguisher. Thus, in the carbonization process, for cooling, using water vapor, to be successful, depends on the characteristics of steam and how and where it is applied, and the combination of binomial time x temperature, and speed of movement within the mass of the body. The velocity of steam flowing through the holes injection must be known to maximize cooling and smothering. Timing is important, because the faster the steam is loaded on coal, the less time available for a given volume of vapor to condense on the coal. Thus, the heat transfer from coal to steam increases because the vapor film formed on coal is the thickness, which favors the increase of internal temperature, making it difficult to condensation. Considering that charcoal represents 60% to 70% of the cost of production of pig iron, it is essential that investment in research and technology in the form of carbonization (Homma et alli, 2006). The adoption of solutions for increased productivity in the forms of carbonization implies significant changes in the system in place in the modus operandi adopted in Brazil, it becomes necessary to adopt concepts and modern agro-technologies and more efficient high initial investment but with gains environmental impacts. The overall objectives was: the optimization of the manufacturing process of coal, with the cooling of the mass of coal and coking furnace using water vapor as coolant; analysis of short-time occupation of the oven; analysis of performance in number of batches per year. The income produced, besides the reduction of production time and increasing the number of heats using the oven cooling (building envelope and mass of charcoal) with the use of water vapor on the dry mass of coal, the process to be viable and meaningful results.