Estudo das representações de crianças internadas em hospital sobre o adoecimento e a hospitalização em uma abordagem piagetiana

• Autor(a) principal: Bonato, Cássia Aparecida Andrade
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3376
• topic: Crianças e adolescentes; Conhecimento social; Hospitalização; Brinquedoteca; Método Clínico Piagetiano; Children and adolescents; Social knowledge; Hospitalization; Toy; Piaget's Clinical Method; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA DOMESTICA

The construction of knowledge by children and teenagers has instigated research in various areas. The social knowledge is constructed in the interaction between subject and the environment. Thus, children and teenagers having an experience of hospitalization construct knowledge from their experience. While hospitalized, the child is removed from its environment and its reality is suddenly transformed. Therefore, in addition to physical suffering arising from the disease, the child suffers from being separated from family, from his daily activities and the lack of what is happening with him. As a humanization strategy, the hospital playroom is used to minimize this suffering since the function of the hospital is not only cure diseases, but also to promote well-being and quality of life for patients. Thus, seeking to know what the hospitalized children think about the process of illness and hospitalization, some questions arise: What are the representations of illness and hospitalization that children who participate in recreational activities have in the hospital? What do these children think and feel to be sick and hospitalized? Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the representations of illness and hospitalization from the perspective of children, 4-12 years, hospitalized in a medical institution that has recreational activities. The Piagetian clinical method was used as a technique for collecting and analyzing data. This way, we made a collection of data through the following steps: a) construction of the instrument for data collection and pilot study and b) data collection by clinical interview. Subsequently, the data were processed such that they were divided in six categories: hospital s physical environment, hospital s human environment, procedures and hospital routines, illness and healing, recreational practices and playroom. The analysis was performed after a joint study relating the categorized answers and the levels of responses in which subjects are in agreement with Piagetian theory. The results indicated that the construction of social knowledge goes through evolutionary stages, with the levels ranging from simple to complex. Our hypothesis that children develop representations of the process of illness and healing since very early was corroborated. However, it is important to emphasize that the same child has different levels of understanding according to the categories established. The categories that brought more negative aspects of experience as pain, waiting for service and better conditions of physical installation achieved higher levels of understanding hen compared with categories that were not related to suffering, e.g. to play in the hospital. It is important to know the representations of the subject so that we can review hospital procedures and even humanizing practices already developed. When we listened to the children, we realize that the hospital environment is not prepared to receive children, because the environment and the hospital practice only reflect the needs of adults, without regard that children have other needs in terms of both space, furniture and human treatment: children have the right to be heard, are entitled to know what's going on with you and must have their children's needs respected. The possibility of playing is a step forward that enables the hospital to be not merely an entirely bad reminiscence in his memoirs.