Caracterização físico-química, anatômica e fisiológica de palmito pupunha para processamento mínimo

• Autor(a) principal: Fonseca, Kelem Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4341
• topic: Bactris gasipaes Kunth; Processamento minĩ mo; Caracterização; Conservação refrigerada; Aproveitamento de haste; Bactris gasipaes Kunth; Minimum processing; Characterization; cold storage; Use of stem; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS::FISIOLOGIA POS-COLHEITA

In the palm heart we can distinguish three parts: basal or stalk, middle or leaf palm heart, and apex leaf palm heart. The conventional processing of palm heart usually discards the apical and basal parts, being desirable, however, its full use. We aimed at evaluating physical-chemical, anatomy, and physiology characteristics of the three parts of peach palm, seeking to increase its usage potential when marketed in a minimally processed form. The characterization was performed in two steps: characterization of raw material and characterization during cold storage. In the first step, we performed productivity, firmness profile, chemical, production of carbon dioxide and ethylene, and anatomical characterization analyses. In the second stage, the palm heart was processed according to the steps of minimal processing: washing and removal of the protective sheaths, cutting (separation of the apex, middle and basal parts), sanitation, drainage, and packing. The parts were stored at 5°C for 15 days. We evaluated fresh mass loss, color, and carbohydrates, besides the histochemical characterization for lignin identification. The total use of the palm heart, standardized to 70 cm was 85% and 68% due to the length and fresh mass, respectively. Along the length of the palm heart there was an increase of the values of firmness toward the extremes. The middle part showed higher concentrations of the chemical parameters evaluated. At the end of storage, the mass loss was 1.6% for the apical, 1.8% for the middle, and 1.3% for the basal part. A superficial yellowing occurred in all parts, evidenced by an increase in b* coordinate values. The apical and middle parts showed higher respiration rates. After stabilization, the rates of the parts, both whole and cut, differed little. There was an increase in ethylene production between the parts due to cutting intensity. The middle part, both whole and cut, had higher ethylene production even after the stabilization period. The three parts had different degrees of tissue differentiation. The greater proportion of fiber differentiation in certain parts may be related to the firmness, although the degree of lignification does not differentiate between the parts after cold storage. Thus, the apical and basal parts can be utilized in order to minimize the waste generated at the minimal processing, increasing the yield. Minimal processing of heart palm should consider the differences between cut and whole parts, in order to pack and preserve compatible areas in relation to the respiration rate, ethylene production and firmness.