Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Opinião Pública (Online) |
Texto Completo: | https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542 |
Resumo: | Political corruption is one of the most severe and complex problems facing new and old democracies. Fundamentally, it involves the abuse of public power for any kind of private benefit, including advantages to governing parties over their opposition. It thus defeats the principle of political equality inherent in democracy, as its protagonists can obtain or maintain power and political benefits disproportionate to what they would achieve through legitimate and forms of political competition. At the same time, it distorts the republican dimension of democracy because it makes public policies result, not from debate and public dispute between different projects, but from behind-the-scenes agreements that favor spurious interests. Despite the efficiency of classical methodological instruments such as opinion polls with structured questionnaires and qualitative research with focus groups, it is still possible to identify biases in the quality of the information collected on corruption. This article aims to address this issue by introducing two survey experiments, one conducted in 2014 and one in 2018. The 2014 survey indicated that there is a substantive difference between the direct question and the experimental question. The level of tolerance for corruption is much higher than the other methodological instruments point out. Comparison with the 2018 experiment allowed the validation and extrapolation of the results found by Moisés and Nunes de Oliveira (2018). |
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Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilienceLa corrupción según la percepción de la sociedad brasileña: persistencia y resilienciaA corrupção na percepção da sociedade brasileira: persistência e resiliênciacorruption persistenceresiliencepublic opinionbiasexperimental designdemocraciacorrupção políticaopinião públicademocracíacorrupción políticaopinión públicaPolitical corruption is one of the most severe and complex problems facing new and old democracies. Fundamentally, it involves the abuse of public power for any kind of private benefit, including advantages to governing parties over their opposition. It thus defeats the principle of political equality inherent in democracy, as its protagonists can obtain or maintain power and political benefits disproportionate to what they would achieve through legitimate and forms of political competition. At the same time, it distorts the republican dimension of democracy because it makes public policies result, not from debate and public dispute between different projects, but from behind-the-scenes agreements that favor spurious interests. Despite the efficiency of classical methodological instruments such as opinion polls with structured questionnaires and qualitative research with focus groups, it is still possible to identify biases in the quality of the information collected on corruption. This article aims to address this issue by introducing two survey experiments, one conducted in 2014 and one in 2018. The 2014 survey indicated that there is a substantive difference between the direct question and the experimental question. The level of tolerance for corruption is much higher than the other methodological instruments point out. Comparison with the 2018 experiment allowed the validation and extrapolation of the results found by Moisés and Nunes de Oliveira (2018).La corrupción política es uno de los problemas más graves y complejos que enfrentan las nuevas y viejas democracias. Fundamentalmente, implica en el abuso del poder público para cualquier tipo de beneficio privado, incluidas las ventajas de los partidos de gobierno sobre su oposición. Derrota así el principio de igualdad política inherente a la democracia, ya que sus protagonistas pueden obtener o mantener poder y beneficios políticos desproporcionados a los que lograrían a través de formas legítimas y legales de competir políticamente. Al mismo tiempo, distorsiona la dimensión republicana de la democracia porque hace que las políticas públicas resulten no del debate y la disputa pública entre diferentes proyectos, sino de acuerdos entre bastidores que favorecen intereses espurios. A pesar de la eficiencia de los instrumentos metodológicos clásicos, como las encuestas de opinión con cuestionario estructurado y la investigación cualitativa con grupos focales, aún es posible identificar sesgos en la calidad de la información recolectada sobre corrupción. Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar este problema mediante la introducción de dos experimentos de encuesta, uno realizado en 2014 y otro en 2018. La encuesta de 2014 indicó que existe una diferencia sustancial entre la pregunta directa y la pregunta experimental. El nivel de tolerancia a la corrupción es muy superior al que señalan los demás instrumentos metodológicos. La comparación con el experimento de 2018 permitió la validación y extrapolación de los resultados encontrados por Moisés y Nunes de Oliveira (2018).A corrupção política é um dos problemas mais graves e complexos enfrentados pelas novas e velhas democracias. Fundamentalmente, ela envolve o abuso de poder público para qualquer tipo de benefício privado, incluindo vantagens para partidos de governo. Desqualifica, assim, o princípio de igualdade política inerente à democracia, pois seus protagonistas podem obter ou manter poder e benefícios políticos desproporcionais ao que conseguiriam por meio de formas legítimas e legais de competir politicamente. Ao mesmo tempo, a corrupção distorce a dimensão republicana da democracia porque faz com que as políticas públicas resultem, não do debate e da disputa pública entre diferentes projetos, mas de acordos de bastidores que favorecem interesses espúrios. Apesar da eficiência de instrumentos metodológicos clássicos como pesquisas de opinião com questionário estruturado e pesquisas qualitativas com grupos focais, ainda é possível identificar vieses na qualidade das informações coletadas sobre corrupção. Este artigo visa abordar essa questão apresentando dois experimentos de pesquisa, um realizado em 2014 e outro em 2018. A pesquisa de 2014 indicou que há uma diferença substantiva entre a pergunta direta e a pergunta experimental. O nível de tolerância à corrupção é muito superior ao apontado por outros instrumentos metodológicos. A comparação com o experimento de 2018 permitiu a validação e extrapolação dos resultados encontrados por Moisés e Nunes de Oliveira (2018).Universidade Estadual de Campinas2023-08-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTextoTextoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherapplication/pdfhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542Opinião Pública; Vol. 29 No. 2 (2023): May/Aug.; p. 270-303Opinião Pública; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2023): mayo/ago.; p. 270-303Opinião Pública; v. 29 n. 2 (2023): maio/ago.; p. 270-3031807-0191reponame:Opinião Pública (Online)instname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)instacron:UNICAMPporhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542/32475Brazil; ContemporaryBrasil; ContemporáneoBrasil; ContemporâneoCopyright (c) 2023 Opinião Públicahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOliveira, Emmanuel Nunes deMoisés, José Álvaro2023-09-14T16:20:36Zoai:ojs.periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br:article/8674542Revistahttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/opPUBhttps://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/oaicesop@unicamp.br||racael@unicamp.br || rop@unicamp.br1807-01910104-6276opendoar:2023-09-14T16:20:36Opinião Pública (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience La corrupción según la percepción de la sociedad brasileña: persistencia y resiliencia A corrupção na percepção da sociedade brasileira: persistência e resiliência |
title |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
spellingShingle |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience Oliveira, Emmanuel Nunes de corruption persistence resilience public opinion bias experimental design democracia corrupção política opinião pública democracía corrupción política opinión pública |
title_short |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
title_full |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
title_fullStr |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
title_full_unstemmed |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
title_sort |
Corruption in the perception of Brazilian society: persistence and resilience |
author |
Oliveira, Emmanuel Nunes de |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Emmanuel Nunes de Moisés, José Álvaro |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Moisés, José Álvaro |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Emmanuel Nunes de Moisés, José Álvaro |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
corruption persistence resilience public opinion bias experimental design democracia corrupção política opinião pública democracía corrupción política opinión pública |
topic |
corruption persistence resilience public opinion bias experimental design democracia corrupção política opinião pública democracía corrupción política opinión pública |
description |
Political corruption is one of the most severe and complex problems facing new and old democracies. Fundamentally, it involves the abuse of public power for any kind of private benefit, including advantages to governing parties over their opposition. It thus defeats the principle of political equality inherent in democracy, as its protagonists can obtain or maintain power and political benefits disproportionate to what they would achieve through legitimate and forms of political competition. At the same time, it distorts the republican dimension of democracy because it makes public policies result, not from debate and public dispute between different projects, but from behind-the-scenes agreements that favor spurious interests. Despite the efficiency of classical methodological instruments such as opinion polls with structured questionnaires and qualitative research with focus groups, it is still possible to identify biases in the quality of the information collected on corruption. This article aims to address this issue by introducing two survey experiments, one conducted in 2014 and one in 2018. The 2014 survey indicated that there is a substantive difference between the direct question and the experimental question. The level of tolerance for corruption is much higher than the other methodological instruments point out. Comparison with the 2018 experiment allowed the validation and extrapolation of the results found by Moisés and Nunes de Oliveira (2018). |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-30 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Texto Texto info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542 |
url |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/op/article/view/8674542/32475 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Opinião Pública https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Opinião Pública https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazil; Contemporary Brasil; Contemporáneo Brasil; Contemporâneo |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Opinião Pública; Vol. 29 No. 2 (2023): May/Aug.; p. 270-303 Opinião Pública; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2023): mayo/ago.; p. 270-303 Opinião Pública; v. 29 n. 2 (2023): maio/ago.; p. 270-303 1807-0191 reponame:Opinião Pública (Online) instname:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) instacron:UNICAMP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
instacron_str |
UNICAMP |
institution |
UNICAMP |
reponame_str |
Opinião Pública (Online) |
collection |
Opinião Pública (Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Opinião Pública (Online) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
cesop@unicamp.br||racael@unicamp.br || rop@unicamp.br |
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1800217018530529280 |