Use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: an integrative literature review

• Main Author: Pinheiro, Francisco Edes da Silva
• Publication Date: 2022
• Other Authors: Brito, Bárbara Ferreira de, Figueiredo, Bárbara Queiroz de, Soares, Camilla Ariete Vitorino Dias, Silva Júnior, Carlos Antônio da, Alvim, Cynthia Moraes, Prado, Diândria Mendonça Martins do, Lopes, Luciana Fernanda Pereira, Pereira, Maria Laís Sousa Alencar, Araújo, Paulo da Costa
• Format: Article
• Language: por
• Source: Research, Society and Development
• Download full: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/31277
• topic: Neurocirugía; Estimulación cerebral profunda; Enfermedad de Parkinson.; Neurosurgery; Deep brain stimulation; Parkinson's disease.; Neurocirurgia; Estimulação cerebral profunda; Doença de Parkinson.

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for severe Parkinson's disease (PD), dystonia and tremor, and has an emerging role in a number of other neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. However, its widespread adoption is currently limited by cost, side effects, and partial effectiveness. Objective: to explain and describe the Deep Brain Stimulation method for the control and treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Search methodology: this is a descriptive narrative review of the literature, through online access to PubMed, Scielo, CDSR, Google Scholar, BVS and EBSCO, in September 2021. Results and discussion: DBS can interact with pathological neural networks in a way that either stimulates or inhibits certain pathways in order to eliminate or subdue the unwanted circuit in the basal ganglia loops, this mechanism became known as “blocking” of the diseased network. Controlled stimulation reduces this hyperactivity and consequently removes the noise, reestablishing the transmission of neural information and consequent return control of the movement. Final considerations: the treatment consists of electrical stimulation in several regions of the brain, for years without interruption. The electrical current used is very small, made at strategic points in the brain by implanting electrodes, which are mostly deep.