Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Pinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães
Data de Publicação: 2022
Outros Autores: Florêncio, Caroline, Mariano, Barbara, Loureiro, Felipe Donini, Castilho, Daniele Gonçalves
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Research, Society and Development
Texto Completo: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/23605
Resumo: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that still affects a large part of the population, despite being an infection that has been known for a long time. The objective of the present work is to gather information related to innovations in diagnosis and treatment of this infection, in which its growth rate is decreasing more and more, but it is still a very worrying public health issue in several countries. We used the qualitative research methodology with a narrative and descriptive review based on scientific articles published on platforms such as PubMed, Scielo and data collected from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and UNAIDS. Unfortunately, diagnosis is not always quick due to various factors, such as difficult access to health services, or even information, however a much talked about innovation lately was the HIV self-test, where people can self-examine themselves through a rapid test, by oral fluid or blood, performing the exam in your own home. The self-test is very easy to be performed, in addition to the fact that it is offered free of charge by the SUS, and only if it is positive does the person need to look for a basic health unit or a hospital to perform the confirmatory test (ELISA or Western Blot) and perform the follow-up treatment. Treatment is usually done with a mixture of medications, known as antiretrovirals, but a new treatment is being researched and proposes many improvements in this area, which is gene therapy, with CRISPR/CAS9 added to the use of LASER ART, which consists of slow and prolonged release antiretroviral nanoparticles, increasing the effectiveness of drugs and decreasing off-target toxicity. We conclude that there are several factors involved in these innovations presented, with the self-test it is possible to reach populations that were not reached before and create larger campaigns to bring necessary information about the importance of the diagnosis as soon as possible and of carrying out the test to follow the evolution. As for gene therapy with CRISPR/CAS9 and LASER ART, results that were not achieved before, such as the cure for HIV, when the two techniques combined it was possible to eradicate the virus from the tested mice, however, limits must be drawn to the technique, to not infringe on the ethical and moral issues that it may offer.
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spelling Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemicInnovaciones en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento para luchar contra la epidemia del VIHInovações em diagnósticos e tratamentos para combater a epidemia do HIVCRISPR/CAS9AutotesteHIVDiagnósticoTratamento.CRISPR/CAS9Self-test,HIVDiagnosisTreatment.CRISPR / CAS9AutopruebaVIHDiagnósticoTratamiento.HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that still affects a large part of the population, despite being an infection that has been known for a long time. The objective of the present work is to gather information related to innovations in diagnosis and treatment of this infection, in which its growth rate is decreasing more and more, but it is still a very worrying public health issue in several countries. We used the qualitative research methodology with a narrative and descriptive review based on scientific articles published on platforms such as PubMed, Scielo and data collected from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and UNAIDS. Unfortunately, diagnosis is not always quick due to various factors, such as difficult access to health services, or even information, however a much talked about innovation lately was the HIV self-test, where people can self-examine themselves through a rapid test, by oral fluid or blood, performing the exam in your own home. The self-test is very easy to be performed, in addition to the fact that it is offered free of charge by the SUS, and only if it is positive does the person need to look for a basic health unit or a hospital to perform the confirmatory test (ELISA or Western Blot) and perform the follow-up treatment. Treatment is usually done with a mixture of medications, known as antiretrovirals, but a new treatment is being researched and proposes many improvements in this area, which is gene therapy, with CRISPR/CAS9 added to the use of LASER ART, which consists of slow and prolonged release antiretroviral nanoparticles, increasing the effectiveness of drugs and decreasing off-target toxicity. We conclude that there are several factors involved in these innovations presented, with the self-test it is possible to reach populations that were not reached before and create larger campaigns to bring necessary information about the importance of the diagnosis as soon as possible and of carrying out the test to follow the evolution. As for gene therapy with CRISPR/CAS9 and LASER ART, results that were not achieved before, such as the cure for HIV, when the two techniques combined it was possible to eradicate the virus from the tested mice, however, limits must be drawn to the technique, to not infringe on the ethical and moral issues that it may offer.El VIH es el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, que provoca una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) que aún afecta a gran parte de la población, a pesar de ser una infección que se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es recopilar información relacionada con las innovaciones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta infección, en la que su tasa de crecimiento está disminuyendo cada vez más, pero sigue siendo un tema de salud pública muy preocupante en varios países. Utilizamos la metodología de investigación cualitativa con una revisión narrativa y descriptiva basada en artículos científicos publicados en plataformas como PubMed, Scielo y datos recolectados del Ministerio de Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud y ONUSIDA. Desafortunadamente, el diagnóstico no siempre es rápido debido a varios factores, como el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud, o incluso a la información, sin embargo, una innovación muy comentada últimamente fue la autoprueba del VIH, donde las personas pueden autoexaminarse a través de una prueba rápida. por vía oral o sangre, realizando el examen en su propia casa. El autodiagnóstico es muy fácil de realizar, además de que el SUS lo ofrece de forma gratuita, y solo si es positivo, la persona necesita buscar una unidad básica de salud o un hospital para realizar la prueba. prueba confirmatoria (ELISA o Western Blot) y realizar el tratamiento de seguimiento. El tratamiento se suele realizar con una mezcla de medicamentos, conocidos como antirretrovirales, pero se está investigando un nuevo tratamiento que propone muchas mejoras en esta área, que es la terapia génica, con CRISPR / CAS9 sumado al uso de LASER ART, que consiste en y nanopartículas antirretrovirales de liberación prolongada, que aumentan la eficacia de los fármacos y reducen la toxicidad fuera del objetivo. Concluimos que son varios los factores que intervienen en estas innovaciones presentadas, con el autodiagnóstico es posible llegar a poblaciones que antes no fueron alcanzadas y crear campañas más amplias para traer la información necesaria sobre la importancia del diagnóstico lo antes posible y de llevar a cabo salga de la prueba para seguir la evolución. En cuanto a la terapia génica con CRISPR / CAS9 y LASER ART, resultados que antes no se lograban, como la cura del VIH, cuando las dos técnicas combinadas fue posible erradicar el virus de los ratones probados, sin embargo, se deben poner límites a la técnica, para no infringir las cuestiones éticas y morales que pueda ofrecer.O HIV é o vírus da imunodeficiência humana, esse ocasiona uma infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST) que ainda acomete uma grande parte da população, mesmo sendo uma infecção já conhecida a muito tempo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é reunir informações relacionadas às inovações de diagnóstico e de tratamento desta infecção, no qual seu índice de crescimento está diminuindo cada vez mais, porém ainda é uma questão muito preocupante de saúde pública em vários países. Utilizamos a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa com uma revisão narrativa e descritiva com embasamento em artigos científicos publicados em plataformas como PubMed, Scielo e dados recolhidos do Ministério da Saúde, Organização Mundial da Saúde e UNAIDS.   Infelizmente, nem sempre o diagnóstico é rápido devido a vários fatores, como o difícil acesso aos serviços de saúde, ou até mesmo a informação, contudo uma inovação muito comentada ultimamente foi o auto teste do HIV, onde pessoas podem se auto examinar através de um teste rápido, por fluido oral ou sangue, realizando o exame em sua própria residência. O auto teste é muito fácil de ser realizado além do fato de ser oferecido gratuitamente pelo SUS, e somente se der positivo a pessoa precisa procurar uma unidade básica de saúde ou um hospital para realizar o teste confirmatório (ELISA ou Western Blot) e realizar o acompanhamento do tratamento. O tratamento geralmente é feito com uma mistura de medicações, conhecidos como antirretrovirais, porém um novo tratamento está sendo pesquisado e propõe muitas melhorias nessa área, que é a terapia gênica, com a CRISPR/CAS9 somada a utilização do LASER ART, que consiste em nanopartículas de antirretrovirais de liberação lenta e prolongada, aumentando a efetividade dos fármacos e diminuindo a toxicidade fora do alvo. Concluímos que existem diversos fatores englobados a essas inovações apresentadas, com o autoteste é possível atingir populações que antes não eram alcançadas e criar maiores campanhas para levar informações necessárias quanto a importância do diagnóstico o quanto antes e de realizar o teste para acompanhar a evolução. Quanto a terapia gênica com CRISPR/CAS9 e o LASER ART podem chegar a resultados antes não alcançados como a cura do HIV, que quando as duas técnicas combinadas foram possíveis erradicar o vírus dos camundongos testados, todavia, deve ser traçado limites a técnica, para não infringir as questões éticas e morais que pode vir a oferecer. Research, Society and Development2022-03-18info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/2360510.33448/rsd-v11i4.23605Research, Society and Development; Vol. 11 No. 4; e27911423605Research, Society and Development; Vol. 11 Núm. 4; e27911423605Research, Society and Development; v. 11 n. 4; e279114236052525-3409reponame:Research, Society and Developmentinstname:Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)instacron:UNIFEIporhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/23605/23910Copyright (c) 2022 Patrícia Magalhães Pinheiro; Caroline Florêncio; Barbara Mariano; Felipe Donini Loureiro; Daniele Gonçalves Castilhohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães Florêncio, CarolineMariano, Barbara Loureiro, Felipe Donini Castilho, Daniele Gonçalves 2022-03-27T17:17:09Zoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/23605Revistahttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/indexPUBhttps://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/oairsd.articles@gmail.com2525-34092525-3409opendoar:2024-01-17T09:42:25.084576Research, Society and Development - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
Innovaciones en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento para luchar contra la epidemia del VIH
Inovações em diagnósticos e tratamentos para combater a epidemia do HIV
title Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
spellingShingle Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
Pinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães
CRISPR/CAS9
Autoteste
HIV
Diagnóstico
Tratamento.
CRISPR/CAS9
Self-test,
HIV
Diagnosis
Treatment.
CRISPR / CAS9
Autoprueba
VIH
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento.
title_short Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
title_full Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
title_fullStr Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
title_full_unstemmed Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
title_sort Innovations in diagnostics and treatment to fight the HIV epidemic
author Pinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães
author_facet Pinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães
Florêncio, Caroline
Mariano, Barbara
Loureiro, Felipe Donini
Castilho, Daniele Gonçalves
author_role author
author2 Florêncio, Caroline
Mariano, Barbara
Loureiro, Felipe Donini
Castilho, Daniele Gonçalves
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Pinheiro, Patrícia Magalhães
Florêncio, Caroline
Mariano, Barbara
Loureiro, Felipe Donini
Castilho, Daniele Gonçalves
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv CRISPR/CAS9
Autoteste
HIV
Diagnóstico
Tratamento.
CRISPR/CAS9
Self-test,
HIV
Diagnosis
Treatment.
CRISPR / CAS9
Autoprueba
VIH
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento.
topic CRISPR/CAS9
Autoteste
HIV
Diagnóstico
Tratamento.
CRISPR/CAS9
Self-test,
HIV
Diagnosis
Treatment.
CRISPR / CAS9
Autoprueba
VIH
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento.
description HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that still affects a large part of the population, despite being an infection that has been known for a long time. The objective of the present work is to gather information related to innovations in diagnosis and treatment of this infection, in which its growth rate is decreasing more and more, but it is still a very worrying public health issue in several countries. We used the qualitative research methodology with a narrative and descriptive review based on scientific articles published on platforms such as PubMed, Scielo and data collected from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and UNAIDS. Unfortunately, diagnosis is not always quick due to various factors, such as difficult access to health services, or even information, however a much talked about innovation lately was the HIV self-test, where people can self-examine themselves through a rapid test, by oral fluid or blood, performing the exam in your own home. The self-test is very easy to be performed, in addition to the fact that it is offered free of charge by the SUS, and only if it is positive does the person need to look for a basic health unit or a hospital to perform the confirmatory test (ELISA or Western Blot) and perform the follow-up treatment. Treatment is usually done with a mixture of medications, known as antiretrovirals, but a new treatment is being researched and proposes many improvements in this area, which is gene therapy, with CRISPR/CAS9 added to the use of LASER ART, which consists of slow and prolonged release antiretroviral nanoparticles, increasing the effectiveness of drugs and decreasing off-target toxicity. We conclude that there are several factors involved in these innovations presented, with the self-test it is possible to reach populations that were not reached before and create larger campaigns to bring necessary information about the importance of the diagnosis as soon as possible and of carrying out the test to follow the evolution. As for gene therapy with CRISPR/CAS9 and LASER ART, results that were not achieved before, such as the cure for HIV, when the two techniques combined it was possible to eradicate the virus from the tested mice, however, limits must be drawn to the technique, to not infringe on the ethical and moral issues that it may offer.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-18
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10.33448/rsd-v11i4.23605
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Research, Society and Development; Vol. 11 No. 4; e27911423605
Research, Society and Development; Vol. 11 Núm. 4; e27911423605
Research, Society and Development; v. 11 n. 4; e27911423605
2525-3409
reponame:Research, Society and Development
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