Percepção de risco do HIV/Aids de jovens universitários em região de fronteira sob a ótica do modelo de crenças em saúde

• Autor(a) principal: Campos, Fernanda do Nascimento de Lemos
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6952
• topic: Comportamentos de risco à saúde; Modelo de crenças em saúde; HIV; Health risk behaviors; Health belief model; HIV; Conductas de riesgo para la salud; Modelo de creencias sobre la salud; VIH; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

Despite advances to confront the HIV infection epidemic in recent years, it is recognized that they have been insufficient, especially among young people. This population group is considered vulnerable and may have a low risk perception for virus infection. The research aimed to understand the perception of risk of young college students about HIV/AIDS in a border region. It is an exploratory, descriptive study, with qualitative approach using the theoretical framework of the health belief model, carried out in Foz do Iguaçu, PR, in the triple border with Paraguay and Argentina. Interviews were conducted with 34 young college students, aged 18 to 24, from September to December 2022, using a semi-structured script. The interviews were audiorated and transcribed in full, being analyzed by the thematic analysis of Minayo content. The categories were predefined according to the four dimensions of the belief model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity; perceived benefits, perceived barriers. Young people recognize the sexual path as the main form of HIV transmission, however, some believe it can be transmitted through contact with saliva, kiss, public toilets and contaminated vaccines. Most young people do not perceive themselves at risk to contract HIV, their confidence deposited in their partner, or referring to having a fixed partner, and recognize that at some point have already practiced or practicing unprotected sex. Young people believe that living with HIV/AIDS is not so harmful to health, due to the evolution of science and the possibilities of treatment with medicines, but they state that the main damage and damage occurs in the social field, due to prejudice and stigma in society. The main benefits of prevention would be not to contract HIV and other IST's, and avoid unwanted pregnancy. The main barriers of prevention were: lack of knowledge, information and awareness about the disease, low socioeconomic conditions, and absence of public policies. Among the barriers to the use of condoms, the sensation caused by the condom and the poor quality of those freely distributed, in addition to the pressure of the male partner over women at the time of sexual intercourse to not use. Young foreigners who study in Brazil may be more vulnerable to HIV infection, as they reported in their countries of origin, lacking information and approach to HIV prevention, sexual education in non-existent schools, and difficult access to prevention methods. It is necessary to adopt public policies aimed at the young population that contribute to the reduction of the vulnerabilities of these students. It is necessary to stimulate and develop sex education in the school environment, with a view to intensifying educational actions, as well as other measures such as expanding the supply of timely testing, improving the quality of free condoms, policies directed to reduced harm and decreasedness of alcohol consumption among young people.