Avaliação do potencial antioxidante de bebidas fermentadas de origem láctea preparadas com Lactobacillus acidophilus: uma revisão sistemática

• Autor(a) principal: Antunes, Andressa Regina
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNIOESTE
• Texto Completo: http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2967
• topic: Bactéria acido-lática; Probiótico; Leite fermentado; Iogurte; Estresse oxidativo; Saúde baseada em evidência; Acid-lactic bacteria; Probiotic; Fermented milk; Yogurt; Oxidative stress; Health based on evidence; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FARMACIA

Introduction: The damage caused by the formation of free radicals in the body of animals and humans has presented significative results, once the physiopathology of different types of sickness, such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer, among others, follows the binding with the action of these highly reactive components. To reduce the effects caused by them, alternatives in medication are being developed, in order to act as therapeutic adjuvants or prophylactics, like in the case of lactic beverages fermented with probiotic microorganisms. This occurs due to the advantages obtained by both the intrinsic nutrients of these beverages, as well as the microorganisms that forms them, beyond the products of their fermentation. A bacteria species with probiotic properties well-known by their antioxidant potential is the Lactobacillus acidophilus, that is used in fermentation processes for the production of fermented milk, mainly with functional aspects. Objective: Gathering evidences about the antioxidant aspect shown in fermented lactic beverages that contain Lactobacillus acidophilus, by “in vitro” and “in vivo” experimental design tests, besides, evaluating the evidences regarding the other characteristics related to the manufacture of these beverages, like the physical-chemical, microbiologic, antioxidants and methodologic aspects, with the intention of clarifying if these probiotic properties really interfere with the antioxidant aspects of the samples, as well as with the other important aspects for the production of fermented lactic beverages. Material and Methods: A systematic review was done in the data bases: Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, Scifinder, Web of Science, Scielo and Agrícola, considering the following criteria: “antioxidant activity”, “oxidative stress”, “Lactobacillus acidophilus”, “lactic beverage”, “fermented milk”, “yogurt”, “in vitro techniques” and “in vivo”, related with the boolean operators “AND” and “OR”, moreover the manual search for studies on this area that could be of interest. The articles gathered through all the research sources had their titles and abstracts evaluated according to the pre-established inclusion criteria being, basically, the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the constitution of fermented milks, whether isolated or in association with other bacteria, and that had their contents evaluated about their antioxidant aspect. The studies that followed these criteria had their contents fully read. Subsequently, all data of interest were extracted from the included articles, evaluated and compared with literature data for control samples (pure milk) or samples of similar microbiological composition, and also compared with data from brazilian legislation, when available. Results and Discussion: Through the entire data bases searched, 1751 articles were retrieved and read in terms of title and summary. Out of these, 36 articles were selected and fully read, and from them, eight articles followed the inclusion criteria for “in vitro” tests. For “in vivo” tests, six articles were fully read, and considering that only one of them followed the inclusion criteria, it was not possible, therefore, to develop a comparative research for this methodologic design, considering the selected search strategy. Thus, from these eight articles related to “in vitro” experiments, a total of 17 samples of interest were comprehended in the microbiologic constitution requirements, showing at least the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus, which included three fermented milks (Subgroup A = 17.65%), eight acidophilic milks (Subgroup B = 47.06%) and three yogurts (Subgroup C = 35.29%). From the total declared cellular materials, 66.67% of these were characterized as intracellular content free of cells, being the rest, cellular content without breaking. Regarding the microbiologic constitution, it was possible to verify that, after the intentional presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus, the second most frequent used microorganism was Streptococcus thermophilus, followed by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Regarding the evaluation of antioxidant activity, the analytic technique used with more frequency was that which evaluates the eliminatory capacity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, followed by the method of elimination of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical. Based on the profile of antioxidant activity, subgroup B was classified as being the best characterized, due to emcompass, in general, greater number of tests of antioxidant activity in relation to the others. In addition, when constituted by Lactobacillus acidophilus, almost all of the samples evaluated presented consistent results for the antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the importance of association between different analytical methods for evaluation of antioxidant activity is emphasized, due to the greater precision of the recovered results and consequent scientific support given to the study. Besides, it could be verified that, when there is presence of the probiotic of interest in the constitution of the studied food, the antioxidant activity is enhanced, which leads to understand that in fact the microorganism has that characteristic. On the other hand, when in presence of other microorganisms, whether they are probiotic or not, the antioxidant activity is still increased, although not in a proportional way, leading to the understanding that only the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus is able to provide sufficient antioxidant protection to food in which it is added. Thus, lactic fermented beverages that contain this probiotic could be consumed with the premise of antioxidant protection, mainly by individuals that suffer from sicknesses with physiopathologies related to oxidative stress.